Vulnerabilities, competition and rights in a context of climate change toward equitable water governance in Peru's Rio Santa Valley

Lynch, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.02.002

Cited by 111 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One case involves Lake Parón in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, where local residents, seized control of the reservoir from a hydroelectric company in 2008. This reservoir had been built as an adaptation measure, to allow lowering and regulating the lake level to prevent dangerous GLOFs (Carey et al, 2012b;Lynch, 2012). However, installing regulating capabilities at the reservoir led to very different views between local residents and the hydropower company operating the dam, on how the water release should be managed.…”

Section: Social Impacts and Socio-political Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lack of continuity has hampered their ability to sustain a long-term perspective on water legislation and implementation (Lynch, 2012) or build trust and lasting channels of communication with local communities. The multitude of institutions and offices involved in glacier monitoring, water resources management and risk assessment, further complicate the situation.…”

Section: Social Impacts and Socio-political Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

255

213

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Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. This glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. Future projections using a simple freezing level height-equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as Antizana in Ecuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as Zongo in Bolivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. Nonetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater.The reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. Social and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence farming have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. Local water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods.Comprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. Planning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. This review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies.

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Section: Social Impacts and Socio-political Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Impacts and Socio-political Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

255

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The challenges created by drought, when combined with other factors such as cultural differences and socioeconomic disparities, can instigate economic instability and societal stress regionally (Lynch, 2012). While tools exist to monitor drought and hydroclimatic conditions in Peru, such as the Peruvian Drought Observatory (ANA, 2014), drought prediction remains a relatively unexplored field for southern Peru.…”

Section: E Mortensen Et Al: Regression-based Season-ahead Drought Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression-based season-ahead drought prediction for southern Peru conditioned on large-scale climate variables

Mortensen

Notaro

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Located at a complex topographic, climatic, and hydrologic crossroads, southern Peru is a semiarid region that exhibits high spatiotemporal variability in precipitation. The economic viability of the region hinges on this water, yet southern Peru is prone to water scarcity caused by seasonal meteorological drought. Meteorological droughts in this region are often triggered during El Niño episodes; however, other large-scale climate mechanisms also play a noteworthy role in controlling the region's hydrologic cycle. An extensive season-ahead precipitation prediction model is developed to help bolster the existing capacity of stakeholders to plan for and mitigate deleterious impacts of drought. In addition to existing climate indices, large-scale climatic variables, such as sea surface temperature, are investigated to identify potential drought predictors. A principal component regression framework is applied to 11 potential predictors to produce an ensemble forecast of regional January-March precipitation totals. Model hindcasts of 51 years, compared to climatology and another model conditioned solely on an El Niño-Southern Oscillation index, achieve notable skill and perform better for several metrics, including ranked probability skill score and a hit-miss statistic. The information provided by the developed model and ancillary modeling efforts, such as extending the lead time of and spatially disaggregating precipitation predictions to the local level as well as forecasting the number of wet-dry days per rainy season, may further assist regional stakeholders and policymakers in preparing for drought.

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“…Permissive governmental policies for expanding water-intensive crops have helped large agricultural companies accumulate water rights. These expansion processes compete for water and land with small local-Indigenous farmers, degenerate local ecosystems, undermine local food security, and profoundly alter existing modes of production and income distribution (Berry and Mollard 2010; Boelens and Vos 2012;Lynch 2012;cf. Finn and Jackson 2011;Jackson and Palmer 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De-colonizing water. Dispossession, water insecurity, and Indigenous claims for resources, authority, and territory

2017

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Set against the background of struggles for territory, livelihood, and dignified existence in Latin America's neoliberal conjuncture, this paper examines contemporary Andean Indigenous claims for water access and control rights based on historical arguments. In the case of the Acequia Tabacundo irrigation system in the north-Ecuadorian Highlands, the rights claims deployed in peasant-Indigenous struggles are cultural and social hybrids. They are rooted in Indigenous history, but also spawned by centuries of interaction with and defense against colonial and post-colonial frames imposed by the Spanish Empire, modern Ecuadorian State structures and influences of transnational capital. Through these conflicts over Indigenous water rights, authority, and identity, this article illustrates and examines the role of Indigenous accounts of their water histories, striving to reclaim, and govern their water territories in times of booming export-flower water extraction.

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Vulnerabilities, competition and rights in a context of climate change toward equitable water governance in Peru's Rio Santa Valley

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Regression-based season-ahead drought prediction for southern Peru conditioned on large-scale climate variables

De-colonizing water. Dispossession, water insecurity, and Indigenous claims for resources, authority, and territory

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