Vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection among migrants in the Thane district, India

Chowdhury, Debasish; Saravanamurthy, P. Sakthivel; Chakrabartty, Arupkumar; Purohit, Saurabh; Iyer, Shilpa S.; Agarwal, Ashok; Gopal, Kathiresan; Mishra, Pravas Ranjan

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.07.019

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Despite a great deal of previous research on the impact of spousal violence on HIV infection, several limitations stand out. The majority of studies are based on either the HIVinfected individuals or those who are at an increased risk for HIV infection, considering many of the studies in lowincome countries which are conducted in different clinical settings or used samples of highly vulnerable populations [38][39][40][41]. However, it should be noted that IPV might not be confined to those who are at greater risk of getting infected, but the link could also be functioning among general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of intimate partner violence and other risk factors with HIV infection among married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015–16

Shri¹,

Muhammad

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains an important public health concern in many countries. It is fuelled by gender inequality and disparity, which has resulted in a fundamental violation of women’s human rights. This study aims to find out the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) and other risk factors with the prevalence of HIV infection among married women in India. Methods This study is based on data from the India National Family Health Survey (2015–16). Bivariate analysis has been performed to estimate the prevalence of HIV. Logistic regression analysis is conducted to find out the association between IPV, factors such as having alcoholic husband and lifetime partner, and HIV infection among currently married women. Results Married women who had faced physical, sexual, and emotional violence from their husbands/partners were almost twice more likely to have tested HIV positive compared to married women who did not face violence [OR: 2.14, CI: 1.08–4.50]. The odds of testing for HIV positive was significantly higher among the married women experiencing IPV and having alcoholic husband [OR: 4.48, CI: 1.87–10.70] than those who did not experience IPV and had non-alcoholic husband. The use of condom did not show any significant association with HIV infection. Again, having more than one lifetime partner had a positive association with HIV infection compared to those with one partner [OR: 2.45, CI: 1.21–4.16]. Conclusions The study revealed that factors such as experiencing all types of IPV, having an alcoholic husband, increased number of lifetime partners, being sexually inactive, belonging to vulnerable social groups, and urban place of residence are important risk factors of HIV infection among married women in India. The results also suggest that gender-based violence and an alcoholic husband may represent a significant factor of HIV infection among married women and interventions should on focus such vulnerable populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of intimate partner violence and other risk factors with HIV infection among married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015–16

Shri¹,

Muhammad

2021

BMC Public Health

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“…Moreover, numerous years of labor migration of Filipinos specifically in Dubai have created employment opportunities but have also exposed the Filipino workers to health risks such as unsafety sex. Some factors that contributed to risky sex were drug abuse, loneliness, distance from families, peer influence, excessive working hours, and poor housing circumstances (Awasthi et al, 2015;Chowdhury et al, 2018). The workers' low-income increased HIV risks since they tend to switch jobs, pay for labor with sex, and relocate to different places with strangers (Chowdhury et al, 2018;Hirsch, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors that contributed to risky sex were drug abuse, loneliness, distance from families, peer influence, excessive working hours, and poor housing circumstances (Awasthi et al, 2015;Chowdhury et al, 2018). The workers' low-income increased HIV risks since they tend to switch jobs, pay for labor with sex, and relocate to different places with strangers (Chowdhury et al, 2018;Hirsch, 2014). Migrants have long been regarded as one of the populations most vulnerable to HIV infection and its repercussions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgusting for being HIV infected: Case study on HIV knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes among MSM overseas Filipino workers in UAE

Villaseñor

Bidad

2023

MEDITERR J SOC BEH RES

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HIV has been prevailing in many societies as a health threat and numerous men are affected of this global health crisis. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and sexual risk behaviors of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) men having sex with men (MSM) about HIV. Through a qualitative using case study research design, in-depth key informant interviews (KIIs) were done to secure primary data collection and better understand the informants’ experiences and perceptions about HIV. The informants of the study involved 10 OFWs who worked in Dubai, UAE. Based on thematic data analysis, findings highlighted that the informants were knowledgeable of HIV transmission, symptoms, and prevention and treatment. They avoid drug use and practice safe sex especially through condom use to avoid HIV infection. However, they admitted to sexual risk behaviors. Consequently, the MSM pointed out the stigma, insecurity, and hopelessness of people dealing and living with HIV disease and enjoin people to give them fair treatment and acceptance in society. This study recommends expanding HIV awareness campaign programs to lessen the HIV disease and discrimination against people with HIV through promoting in social media and other relevant platforms and health support services.

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“…A systematic review of studies among rural to urban migrants in China found that HIV prevalence among female migrants was 12 times higher as compared to the general population ( 3 ). Studies examining HIV risk among both male and female migrant workers in Asian countries including Vietnam ( 5 ), Thailand ( 6 ), China ( 7 – 11 ), India ( 12 , 13 ), and Bangladesh ( 14 ) have shown that migrants are more likely to engage in HIV and risky sexual behaviors ( 5 , 14 – 17 ), less likely to use condoms at first sex ( 8 , 18 ), and at last sexual encounter ( 5 ) and do not consider themselves to be at risk of HIV when having unprotected sex ( 7 , 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the large amount of literature on sexual risks among migrants in Asia, and especially among women migrants to urban industrial or employment zones ( 8 , 13 , 16 , 29 ), there is paucity of research currently on HIV prevalence and related sexual risk exposure among women in the industrial zones of Vietnam. Hundreds of thousands of rural women migrate to the larger and smaller cities of Vietnam, to work in industrial zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Risk Behaviors, HIV Prevalence and Access to Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women Migrant Workers in the Industrial Zones in Vietnam

Schensul

et al. 2021

Front. Reprod. Health

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Background: Young migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in low and middle-income countries are at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the sex-related risks of young women migrant workers in the IZ in Vietnam.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,061 young migrant women working in the IZ park in Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV testing and condom use at last sex.Results: A total of 1,061 young women migrant workers completed the survey in which 652 participants consented to take the initial rapid HIV test. All but one participant tested negative indicating a HIV prevalence of 150 (95% CI: 27–860) per 100,000 population among this population. There were no differences in sexual behavior, use of sexual and reproductive health services, HIV knowledge, perceived HIV risk or alcohol use between those who were HIV tested and those not tested. Single participants reported high rates of first sex while living in the IZ and high rates of condom use during the first-time sex, however, they had low levels of condom use at last sex. While the majority of married participants used the SRH/HIV services, nearly 80% of the single participants who reported having sex never used SRH/HIV services since living in the IZ. However, single participants were over 4 times more likely to use condoms at last sex compared to married participants (OR = 4.67; 95%CI = 2.96–7.85). Participants with vocational school or higher education was more likely to use condom (OR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.05–4.57). Neither HIV knowledge or alcohol use were associated with condom use.Conclusions: Although HIV prevalence is very low among young women workers in the IZ in Vietnam, a significant number of them engaged in risky sexual behavior and low levels of condom use at last sex as well as low level of using SRH/HIV services highlights a need to develop interventions that provide tailored-made and cultural appropriate SRH education for unmarried female migrant workers to prevent risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.

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Vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection among migrants in the Thane district, India

Abstract: In Thane, female migrants faced higher vulnerabilities and risks of HIV infection than male migrants. Consequently, innovative strategies are required to address these particular needs of female migrants.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Association of intimate partner violence and other risk factors with HIV infection among married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015–16

Association of intimate partner violence and other risk factors with HIV infection among married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015–16

Disgusting for being HIV infected: Case study on HIV knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes among MSM overseas Filipino workers in UAE

Sexual Risk Behaviors, HIV Prevalence and Access to Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women Migrant Workers in the Industrial Zones in Vietnam

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