Vulnérabilité sanitaire et environnementale dans les quartiers défavorisés de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) : analyse des conditions d’émergence et de développement de maladies en milieu urbain sahélien

Sy, Ibrahima; Koita, Mouhamadou; Traoré, Doulo; Keïta, Moussa; Lô, Baïdy; Tanner, Marcel; Cissé, Guéladio

doi:10.4000/vertigo.11174

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Many studies have used bivariate methods for this type of analysis, failing to take into account the simultaneous effects of other relevant and often correlated factors on the outcome variables (Dongo et al, 2008;Sy et al, 2011). To address this shortcoming, multivariate logit models were estimated to assess the effects of immediate environmental factors on the probability that a child had a reported fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, after controlling for various demographic and socioeconomic variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result again runs contrary to those found by other studies, in which a positive effect was discovered for septic tanks on child health (Koffi-Tessio, 2004;Barreto et al, 2011;although see Dos Santos et al, 2014, for similar findings in Dakar). During the rainy season, the contents of poorly constructed septic tanks can seep into the ground water, risking the contamination of drinking water and the food supply at home (SHADYC-GRIL, 2002;Sy et al, 2011). Septic tanks built in informal areas are often made of poor materials that quickly degrade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Factors and Childhood Fever in Areas of the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso

et al. 2014

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Using data on 825 under-5 children from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System collected in 2010, this article examines the effects of aspects of the immediate environment on childhood fever. Logit regression models were estimated to assess the effects of the quality of the local environment on the probability that a child is reported to have had a fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, after controlling for various demographic and socioeconomic variables. While the estimated impact of some environmental factors persisted in the full models, the effects of variables such as access to water and type of household waste management decreased in the presence of demographic, socioeconomic and neighbourhood factors. The management of waste water was found to significantly affect the occurrence of childhood fever. Overall, the results of the study call for more efforts to promote access to tap water to households at prices that are affordable for the local population, where the threats to child health appears to be greatest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors and Childhood Fever in Areas of the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso

et al. 2014

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“…Thus, the development of diarrhoeal diseases appears to be the product of a complex relationship between supply sources and water quality. The reported morbidity rate of 12.8%, however, is considerably lower compared to a prevalence of 17.2% observed in a survey in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in 2004 and 18.2% recorded as a result of a comparative study of two municipalities with different socioeconomic status (Sy et al, 2010a(Sy et al, , 2011. Two previous studies implemented in Nouakchott highlight the crucial role of access to water, as well as its quality, on the transmission of diarrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, transmission of diarrhoeal diseases is linked to the quality and quantity of available water through a diversity of proximal and distal risk factors (Gagneux et al, 1999;Sy et al, 2011). Subject to rapid urban growth in a context of difficulties in planning the water supply network, Nouakchott has a chronic shortage of potable water, which affects particularly the peripheral, underserved and marginalised communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality and health in a Sahelian semi-arid urban context: an integrated geographical approach in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Traoré

Utzinger

et al. 2013

Geospat Health

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Abstract. Access to sufficient quantities of safe drinking water is a human right. Moreover, access to clean water is of public health relevance, particularly in semi-arid and Sahelian cities due to the risks of water contamination and transmission of water-borne diseases. We conducted a study in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, to deepen the understanding of diarrhoeal incidence in space and time. We used an integrated geographical approach, combining socio-environmental, microbiological and epidemiological data from various sources, including spatially explicit surveys, laboratory analysis of water samples and reported diarrhoeal episodes. A geospatial technique was applied to determine the environmental and microbiological risk factors that govern diarrhoeal transmission. Statistical and cartographic analyses revealed concentration of unimproved sources of drinking water in the most densely populated areas of the city, coupled with a daily water allocation below the recommended standard of 20 l per person. Bacteriological analysis indicated that 93% of the non-piped water sources supplied at water points were contaminated with 10-80 coliform bacteria per 100 ml. Diarrhoea was the second most important disease reported at health centres, accounting for 12.8% of health care service consultations on average. Diarrhoeal episodes were concentrated in municipalities with the largest number of contaminated water sources. Environmental factors (e.g. lack of improved water sources) and bacteriological aspects (e.g. water contamination with coliform bacteria) are the main drivers explaining the spatio-temporal distribution of diarrhoea. We conclude that integrating environmental, microbiological and epidemiological variables with statistical regression models facilitates risk profiling of diarrhoeal diseases. Modes of water supply and water contamination were the main drivers of diarrhoea in this semi-arid urban context of Nouakchott, and hence require a strategy to improve water quality at the various levels of the supply chain.

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“…Ces ménages n'ont recours qu'aux sources d'eau issues des puits non protégés lesquelles sont peu satisfaisantes sur le plan hygiénique pour les usages domestiques (Odoulami, 2009). Cette catégorie de population est plus exposée aux maladies liées aux eaux de mauvaise qualité, à l'assainissement précaire et à la mauvaise hygiène (Sy et al, 2011). Les problèmes de santé liés à l'eau résultent essentiellement d'une contamination microbiologique (Aubry et Gaüzère, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Contamination Des Eaux De Puits Par Les Salmonelles Et Les Vibrions non-O1/non-O139 Dans Les Quartiers Précaires Du Sixième Arrondissement De Cotonou (Sud-Bénin)

Hounsounou¹,

Ayi-Fanou

Ayena

et al. 2018

ESJ

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The well waters are solicited for several uses in the households in the sixth district of Cotonou. In order to assess the contamination of these wells waters by some pathogenic germs, one hundred and twenty (120) samples were collected for four (4) seasonal campaigns (two rainy and two dry) at the rate of thirty (30) samples per season. The study has focused on the research of Salmonella and choleraic vibrios by using the referenced methods. The European Scientific Journal February 2018 edition Vol.14, No.6 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 253 analysis results indicate the presence of salmonella sp. in 73.33 % (high rainy season) ; 56.67 % (high dry season) ; 43.33 % (small rainy season) and 40 % (small dry season) of well water samples. The strains of vibrios isolated do not agglutinate with serum anti-O1 and anti-O139. The burden in these non-O1/non-O139 vibrios in the waters varies from <1 to 10 CFU/100 ml. This pathogenic germ is identified in most of the well water (46.67 %) during the small dry season. These two pathogenic bacteria that are found out of standards in the water of the wells analyzed can cause minor or severe infections to the riparian population consumers.Keywords: Well water, Bacteriological contamination, Salmonella, non-O1/non-O139 Vibrios, Sanitary risks RésuméLes eaux de puits sont sollicitées pour plusieurs usages dans les ménages du sixième arrondissement de Cotonou. Dans le but d'évaluer la contamination de ces eaux de puits par certains germes pathogènes, cent vingt (120) Les souches de vibrions isolées n'agglutinent pas avec les sérums anti-O1 et anti-O139. La charge en vibrions non-O1/non-O139 dans les eaux varie de <1 à 10 UFC/100 ml. Ce pathogène est dénombré dans la plupart des eaux de puits (46,67 %) pendant la petite saison sèche. Ces deux bactéries pathogènes qui se retrouvent hors normes dans les eaux de puits analysées peuvent provoquer des infections bénignes ou graves à la population riveraine consommatrice.

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Vulnérabilité sanitaire et environnementale dans les quartiers défavorisés de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) : analyse des conditions d’émergence et de développement de maladies en milieu urbain sahélien

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Environmental Factors and Childhood Fever in Areas of the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso

Environmental Factors and Childhood Fever in Areas of the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso

Water quality and health in a Sahelian semi-arid urban context: an integrated geographical approach in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Contamination Des Eaux De Puits Par Les Salmonelles Et Les Vibrions non-O1/non-O139 Dans Les Quartiers Précaires Du Sixième Arrondissement De Cotonou (Sud-Bénin)

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