Vulcanization, static mechanical properties, and thermal stability of activated calcium silicate/styrene‐butadiene rubber composites prepared via a latex compounding method

Abstract

Herein, we describe the latex compounding preparation of activated calcium silicate (ACS)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) composites aiming to improve filler dispersibility. The effects of ACS particle size and filler content on the vulcanization, static mechanical properties, and thermal stability of composite materials were evaluated. FT‐IR analyses showed that the rubber macromolecules were chemically adsorbed on the surface of the ACS particles, while SEM and TEM indicated that the ACS particles were uniformly distributed in the composites, and agglomeration occurred only at high filler content levels. ACS particle size reductions accelerated composite vulcanization, whereas increasing filler content had the opposite effect. ACS particles strengthened the mechanical properties of prepared composites, with marked increases in tensile strength and tear strength as ACS particle size decreased and filler content rose, reaching maximal values of 15.37 MPa (increased by 932%) and 45.91 kN/m (increased by 425%), respectively, at an ACS average particle size of 1 μm and 90 phr loading. ACS particle integration also enhanced composite thermal stability. These data indicate that ACS enhances rubber composites owing to the incorporation of well‐dispersed ACS particles into the rubber matrix, strong interactions between ACS particles and rubber molecules, and the thermal barrier effects of these particles.

Performance of Full-Component Coal Gasification Fine Slag: High-Value Utilization as Reinforcing Material in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (ESBR) for Replacing Carbon Black

“…The crosslinking density and average molecular weight can reveal the number of crosslinks and reflect the interaction of the rubber chains [ 31 ]. The crosslinking densities of the ESBR composites with HCGS and CB are listed in Table 14 .…”

Effect of disaggregation and activation of sepiolite on interfacial interaction and mechanical properties of natural rubber/sepiolite composites prepared by latex compounding method

“…Compared to traditional melt blending, this method has the advantage of low processing temperature, low energy consumption, and no dust pollution, and it also enhances the dispersion of the reinforcing filler in the rubber matrix, leading to improved performance of the composite 12 . This method has been utilized to prepare carbon black/natural rubber composites 13 and silica/rubber composites, 11,14 as well as high‐performance nanocomposites filled with other fillers such as carbon nanotubes, 15 graphene, 16 or clay 17–19 …”

“…12 This method has been utilized to prepare carbon black/natural rubber composites 13 and silica/rubber composites, 11,14 as well as high-performance nanocomposites filled with other fillers such as carbon nanotubes, 15 graphene, 16 or clay. [17][18][19] Sepiolite is a natural, non-toxic one-dimensional fibrous silicate with the ideal formula of Mg 8ÀyÀz R 3þ y □ z Si 12Àx R 3þ 20 This mineral exhibits a unique 2:1 layer chain structure, which comprises two continuous tetrahedral sheets and one discontinuous octahedral sheet, leading to the presence of numerous channels and tunnels in the structure and resulting in a large specific surface area and porous structure. The fibrous crystal morphology of sepiolite is characterized by a diameter ranging from 10 to 50 nm and a variable length between 0.2 and 5 μm.…”

Effect of mica powder-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds on crosslink density and mechanical properties

“…Rubber is a crucial and versatile polymer material, which is considerably used in shoe outsole, pharmaceutical, health industries, aerospace, military, and automotive [1]. One of the many rubber types is also the styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) which is synthesized from 1,3-butadiene and styrene monomers.…”

“…Recent studies have focused on alternative fillers such as rice husk, wood ash, regenerated (recycled) rubber [7], wollastonite and mica [8], activated calcium silicate [1]. Mica has been being applied as a filler in the plastics and rubber industry since it has some advantages such as low cost, availability, good heat, and chemical and electrical resistances [9].…”