Vozes Asiáticas e o Racismo Colonial em Moçambique

Abstract

Evento, estrutura, conjuntura, curta duração, longa duração, micro, macro, específico, total são binômios que, ao menos desde Michelet com o seu Le Peuple e Marx com o seu O Dezoito Brumário mas, sobretudo, desde os Annales, tem acompanhado os historiadores. O presente artigo, embora não explicite, encara estes desafios : tratar do evento, do episódico, dos movimentos da política cotidiana, enfim da curta duração sem esquecer das estruturas, da longa duração : assim o objeto escolhido-a discussão, publicação, desobediência e revogação de leis que prejudicavam os « asiáticos » na então Lourenço Marques-situa-se no âmbito da curta duração-não mais que quatro tumultuados meses de 1913mas são tratados à luz de fenômeno de longa duração : o racismo que gradativamente ia pautando as práticas sociais na Colónia, tornando-se cada vez mais institucionalizado. Ao mesmo tempo o artigo busca a multivocalidade em presença no debate, ao procurar fazer emergir as raras vozes dos « asiáticos », confrontando-as com os argumentos de colonos e Estado. Asian voices and the colonial racism in Mozambique Event, structure, conjoncture, courte durée, longue durée, micro, macro, specific, total, are opposing terms which have accompanied historians, at least since Michelet and Le Peuple, Marx and The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, and above all since the Annales. This paper, althought not referring explicitly to these categories, faces the very challenge they raise: coping with events and episodic movements in everyday politics, in the courte durée, while not overlooking the structures, the longue durée : thus the chosen obj subject-publication of laws harassing "Asians" in former Lourenço Marques, as well as ensuing debates and civil disobedience movements untill eventual revocation-remains within the courte durée-not more than four strained months in the year of 1993-but are addressed in the lights of a long-standing phenomenon: the increasingly institutionalized racism which came to underlie all social practice within the colony. At the same time, this article tries to show the many voices present to the debate, by highlightening the rare voices of « Asians », and comparing them with settlers' and State's arguments. Voix asiatiques et le racisme colonial au Mozambique Evénément, structure, conjoncture, courte durée, longue durée, micro, macro, spécifique, total, ce sont des binômes qui, au moins depuis Michelet et son oeuvre Le Peuple, ou Marx avec son Dix-huit Brumaire mais, surtout, depuis les Annales, ont accompagné les historiens. Le présent article, bien qu'il ne l'explicite pas, relève ces défis : traiter de l'événement, de l'épisodique, des mouvements de la politique quotidienne, bref de la courte durée sans oublier les structures, la longue durée : ainsi, l'objet choisi-la discussion, la publication, la désobéissance et la révocation des lois qui portaient préjudice aux « Asiatiques » dans l'ancienne Lourenço Marques-se situe dans le cadre de la courte durée-il ne s'agit que de quatre mois tumultueux de 1913-mais ils s...

Sanitary governmentalities: Producing and naturalizing social differentiation in Maputo City, Mozambique (1887–2017)

“…Now, at the turn of the century, the sanitary rationality shifted by marking and contrasting these people and places with others in the colony. Sanitation remained central in producing differences between populations – differences between rulers and ruled, and between more and less clean or healthy and hygienic people – in ways that supported and normalized European superiority, and legitimized the continued exercise of military force to ensure its control over land and labour (Zamparoni, 2000). Differences in sanitary practices that were partly produced through differences in access to water and sanitation services helped bring into being and normalize racial categories.…”

“…First, there was the Asian population from British India, brought to the colony as labour. They were portrayed as filthy and messy people, and were described in colonial reports as a danger to hygiene and public health (Zamparoni, 2000). The health report of 1895 to Lisbon stated for instance that 'the internal hygiene of the houses in the city was generally satisfactory, with the exception of the dwellings of Indian people, namely, Banyans and Moors which do not follow to the most rudimentary precepts of hygienic' (Azevedo, 1895).…”

Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe

“…Secondly, and directly related, this particular position seems to be understood by the other communities as a privileged relationship with the colonial authorities (C. Bastos 2002: 62-63), resulting from the cultural proximity between the Portuguese and the group. Thirdly, despite the two first characteristics, the dominant colonial group nevertheless perceives the Catholic Goans as other (C. Bastos 2002;Zamparoni 2000).…”

Cozinhar, adorar e fazer negocio

“…Encontra-se publicações sobre a presença indiana tanto em pesquisas históricas -Newit (1997) -quanto em tese de (L. , dissertação (Antunes, 1996) e artigos de publicações diversas (Rita-Ferreira, 1982e 1985Pereira Leite, 1996e 2000Pereira Leite e Khouri, 2003;L. Teixeira, 1998;Zamparoni, 1998Zamparoni, , 1999Zamparoni, , 2000Zamparoni, e 2004C. Teixeira, 2000;Thomaz, 2004;S.…”

“…Historiadores (Rita-Ferreira, 1982e 1985Pereira Leite, 1996;L. Teixeira, 1998;Zamparoni, 2000;C. Teixeira, 2000;Genoud, 2002;Pereira Leite, 2000;Pereira Leite e Khouri, 2003) ou antropólogos (S. Bastos, s-d;Macagno, 2004e 2004ae Thomaz, 2004 Embora seja observado em C. que em tal período houve uma mudança no padrão de imigração indiana, que até então era masculino e individual e a partir de então se torna familiar, não há qualquer investigação que interrogue sobre esse nível de reconfiguração.…”