Voxel‐based morphometry reveals brain gray matter volume changes in successful dieters

Honea, Robyn A.; Szabo-Reed, Amanda N.; Lepping, Rebecca J.; Perea, Rodrigo; Breslin, Florence J.; Martin, Laura E.; Brooks, William M.; Donnelly, Joseph E.; Savage, Cary R.

doi:10.1002/oby.21551

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Neuroimaging has been extensively applied in research on the brain processes associated with obesity risk and responsiveness to weight loss interventions. For example, several studies have examined gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes as predictors of responsiveness to weight control interventions (Honea et al, 2016; Mokhtari et al, 2016). In addition to structural imaging, functional MRI (fMRI) has been used extensively to examine brain activation differences between obese/overweight individuals and those with normal weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of weight loss intervention can be predicted based on early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum

Hermann

Gál

Kóbor

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Increased fMRI food cue reactivity in obesity, i.e. higher responses to high- vs. low-calorie food images, is a promising marker of the dysregulated brain reward system underlying enhanced susceptibility to obesogenic environmental cues. Recently, it has also been shown that weight loss interventions might affect fMRI food cue reactivity and that there is a close association between the alteration of cue reactivity and the outcome of the intervention. Here we tested whether fMRI food cue reactivity could be used as a marker of diet-induced early changes of neural processing in the striatum that are predictive of the outcome of the weight loss intervention. To this end we investigated the relationship between food cue reactivity in the striatum measured one month after the onset of the weight loss program and weight changes obtained at the end of the six-month intervention. We observed a significant correlation between BMI change measured after six months and early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum, including the bilateral putamen, right pallidum, and left caudate. Our findings provide evidence for diet-induced early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum that can predict the outcome of the weight loss intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of weight loss intervention can be predicted based on early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum

Hermann

Gál

Kóbor

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We can use these markers to examine associations between diet- and age-related brain changes that might not be detectable using clinical assessment. A few studies have examined the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and structural neuroimaging markers of gray matter volume such as brain atrophy and cortical thickness [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Luciano et al found that lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with total brain atrophy over a three-year interval [ 6 ], and Gu et al demonstrated that Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with less brain atrophy, with larger brain volumes of the cingulate cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus, and larger cortical thickness of the superior-frontal region [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have also shown the benefits of diet and physical activity on brain structure in successful dieters. Honea et al found that weight loss percentage correlated positively with baseline gray matter volume in the right parahippocampal and orbitofrontal gyri in obese dieters, concluding that weight loss is related to volumetric changes in brain areas linked to interoception and food motivation [ 12 ]. On the other hand, some studies have examined obesity and cerebral connectivity through functional magnetic resonance with a resting state modality, but very few included a dietary intervention and/or physical exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Functional Connectivity Is Modified by a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity in Obese Women

et al. 2017

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state has shown altered brain connectivity networks in obese individuals. However, the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cerebral connectivity in obese patients when losing weight has not been previously explored. The aim of this study was to examine the connectivity between brain structures before and six months after following a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and physical activity program in a group of sixteen obese women aged 46.31 ± 4.07 years. Before and after the intervention program, the body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was 38.15 ± 4.7 vs. 34.18 ± 4.5 (p < 0.02), and body weight (kg) was 98.5 ± 13.1 vs. 88.28 ± 12.2 (p < 0.03). All subjects underwent a pre- and post-intervention fMRI under fasting conditions. Functional connectivity was assessed using seed-based correlations. After the intervention, we found decreased connectivity between the left inferior parietal cortex and the right temporal cortex (p < 0.001), left posterior cingulate (p < 0.001), and right posterior cingulate (p < 0.03); decreased connectivity between the left superior frontal gyrus and the right temporal cortex (p < 0.01); decreased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the somatosensory cortex (p < 0.025); and decreased connectivity between the left and right posterior cingulate (p < 0.04). Results were considered significant at a voxel-wise threshold of p ≤ 0.05, and a cluster-level family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons of p ≤ 0.05. In conclusion, functional connectivity between brain structures involved in the pathophysiology of obesity (the inferior parietal lobe, posterior cingulate, temporo-insular cortex, prefrontal cortex) may be modified by a weight loss program including a Mediterranean diet and physical exercise.

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“…Obesity-related structural brain abnormalities might be reversible with dietary/lifestyle/surgical/medication interventions fostering weight loss and, especially in adolescents and young adults ( 65 – 69 ). Structural neuroimaging studies have reported increases in brain volumes following aerobic exercise in healthy subjects as well as in participants with SZ ( 70 ), which may be related to weight reduction ( 67 , 71 ). Also medications targeting obesity may have neuroprotective effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis

et al. 2020

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Background Neurostructural alterations are often reported in first episode of psychosis (FEP), but there is heterogeneity in the direction and location of findings between individual studies. The reasons for this heterogeneity remain unknown. Obesity is disproportionately frequent already early in the course of psychosis and is associated with smaller brain volumes. Thus, we hypothesized that obesity may contribute to brain changes in FEP. Method We analyzed MRI scans from 120 participants with FEP and 114 healthy participants. In primary analyses, we performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with small volume corrections to regions associated with FEP or obesity in previous meta-analyses. In secondary analyses, we performed whole-brain VBM analyses. Results In primary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in a) left fronto-temporal region (pTFCE = 0.008) and b) left postcentral gyrus (pTFCE = 0.043). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in left cerebellum (pTFCE < 0.001). In secondary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in the a) cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004), b) left frontal (pTFCE = 0.024), and c) right temporal cortex (pTFCE = 0.031). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004). Levels of C-reactive protein, HDL and LDL-cholesterol correlated with obesity related neurostructural alterations. Conclusions This study suggests that higher BMI, which is frequent in FEP, may contribute to cerebellar alterations in schizophrenia. As previous studies showed that obesity-related brain alterations may be reversible, our ﬁndings raise the possibility that improving the screening for and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic changes could preserve brain structure in FEP.

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Voxel‐based morphometry reveals brain gray matter volume changes in successful dieters

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Efficacy of weight loss intervention can be predicted based on early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum

Efficacy of weight loss intervention can be predicted based on early alterations of fMRI food cue reactivity in the striatum

Brain Functional Connectivity Is Modified by a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity in Obese Women

Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis

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