Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis

Kolenič, Marián; Španiel, Filip; Hlinka, Jaroslav; Matějka, Martin; Knytl, Pavel; Šebela, Antonín; Renka, Jiří; Hájek, Tomáš

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556759

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Despite the many links between obesity, schizophrenia and the brain, this remains an under researched area. We have previously demonstrated that in people with first episode of psychosis, obesity was associated with advanced brain age and lower cerebellar volume [ 23 , 24 ] and that BMI was a predictor of future neurostructural alterations [ 20 ]. The single previous study in 32 older individuals with schizophrenia found that higher BMI was significantly associated with lower volume of total gray matter, orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices, and hippocampus [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

et al. 2022

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Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive.Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

et al. 2022

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“…Yet, we do not know the temporal direction or pathophysiology of these findings. It is possible that overweight/obesity caused the observed changes through a range of mechanisms, including effects of adipokines [58], oxidative stress, systemic inflammation [59,60], insulin resistance/diabetes [16,27], hypertension [15,39] or dyslipidemia [60]. Smaller brain volumes in obesity may also reflect lower mobility/fitness or sedentary lifestyle, which are associated with the volumes of hippocampus [61] or motoric brain regions, including striatum [62][63][64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

McWhinney¹,

Abé²,

Alda³

et al. 2021

Mol Psychiatry

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Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

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“…We do not know the direction or pathophysiology of the association between lower cortical thickness and obesity. It is possible that overweight/obesity caused the observed changes through a range of mechanisms, including effects of adipokines, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance/diabetes, 12,35 hypertension, atherosclerosis 36,37 or dyslipidemia, 38 but also lower mobility/fitness or sedentary lifestyle 39 . However, the reverse causality is also possible, where neurostructural alterations cause obesity, possibly through impulsivity, conditioning, or impaired homeostatic regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of bipolar disorders and body mass index predict clustering based on similarities in cortical thickness—ENIGMA study in 2436 individuals

et al. 2021

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Aims: Rates of obesity have reached epidemic proportions, especially among people with psychiatric disorders. While the effects of obesity on the brain are of major interest in medicine, they remain markedly under-researched in psychiatry. Methods:We obtained body mass index (BMI) and magnetic resonance imagingderived regional cortical thickness, surface area from 836 bipolar disorders (BD) and 1600 control individuals from 14 sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We identified regionally specific profiles of cortical thickness using K-means clustering and studied clinical characteristics associated with individual cortical profiles. Results:We detected two clusters based on similarities among participants in cortical thickness. The lower thickness cluster (46.8% of the sample) showed thinner cortex, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes and was associated with diagnosis of BD, higher BMI, and older age. BD individuals in the low thickness cluster were more likely to have the diagnosis of bipolar disorder I and less likely to be treated with lithium. In

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Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

Diagnosis of bipolar disorders and body mass index predict clustering based on similarities in cortical thickness—ENIGMA study in 2436 individuals

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