Vowel Substitution: A Comparative Study of English Loans in Punjabi and Urdu

Hussain, Qandeel; Mahmood, Rashid; Mahmood, Muhammad Asim

doi:10.5296/ijl.v3i1.1022

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The mispronunciation of L1 vowels by the L2 speakers has to do with differences in vowel inventory, leading to negative transfer. Substitution, which is considered a change of unfamiliar phoneme(s) with the familiar sounds, occurs in many languages across the globe, including African languages (Hussain, Mahmood & Mahmood, 2011;Kennedy, 2017). In this study, certain sounds were substituted with other vowels in the same environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substitution is one of the major types of phonological interference caused by the language contact phenomenon, and it also shows how target sounds are replaced with the equivalent sounds available in the learner's mother tongue to facilitate speech in a new language (Akinlabi, 2007). Accordingly, substitution tends to preserve sounds from deletion where a word is reshaped closer to the input form (Hock, 1991;Hussain, Mahmood & Mahmood, 2011). In substitution, an item is replaced with the phonetically close phonemes in the recipient's language.…”

Section: Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mispronunciation and Substitution of Mid-high Front and Back Hausa Vowels by Yorùbá Native Speakers

et al. 2021

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The mid short vowels: /e/ and /o/ are among the vowels shared between Hausa and Yorùbá but differ in Hausa mid-high long, front and back vowels: /e:/ and /o:/. The phonemic differences in the two languages have caused learning difficulties among the Yorùbá native speakers to achieve their second language learning desire and competence. Yorùbá-Hausa learners mispronounce certain disyllabic Hausa words due to the substitution of vowels in the first and second syllables. Thus, both lexical and grammatical meanings of the Hausa words are affected. This study examined the production of the 12 Hausa vowels by level 1 and level 3 students who were learning Hausa as a second language to determine if there was a significant difference in how level 1 and level 3 students pronounced the short and long mid-high, front and back Hausa vowels. 88 Yorùbá native speakers were recruited using purposive sampling. Twenty-four different wordlists extracted from Bargery's (1934) Hausa-English dictionary and prepared in carrier phrases were audio-recorded. It was a mixed-method, and the results were discussed within the theoretical framework of Flege and Bohn's (2020) Revised Speech Learning Model and Corder's (1967) 'Error Analysis Model'. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that participants in level 1 generally performed lower than level 3 participants in the pronunciation of mid-Hausa vowels due to substitutions. Such errors have pedagogical implication in learning Hausa as a second language, and if not addressed accordingly, the standard of Hausa will continue to fall at an undesirable and alarming rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mispronunciation and Substitution of Mid-high Front and Back Hausa Vowels by Yorùbá Native Speakers

et al. 2021

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“…This word was borrowed from French, long after the change of sound that converted *t and *p into affricates. Correspondingly, Hussain, Mahmood, & Mahmood (2011) asserted that during the process of adaptation, a given input sound will be mapped to a closest available phonemic category for donor language. If a sound is absent in the recipient language, it is adapted to the closest available sound.…”

Section: Phonological Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consonant Changes in Words Borrowed From Sanskrit to Thai and Patani Malay

Songkhla

Subramaniam

2021

IJL

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Southeast Asia was under Indian influence for more than a thousand years so that the traces of Indian civilization can be determined from a lot of evidence. The entry of Indian civilization in this region has shown that Sanskrit has merged with Thai, the national language of Thailand, and Patani Malay, the mother tongue language of Thai Malays who live in the deep south of Thailand. Borrowing is a process of language contact and language change that can happen in all languages and is not limited to borrow in the same language family or the same type of language. All of them belong to different family trees. Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-European language family, whereas the Thai language is accepted to Tai-Kadai and Patani Malay belongs to the Austronesian language family. This study aims to study consonant changes of shared Sanskrit loanwords in Thai and Patani Malay. This research employed qualitative methodology. Data were collected from documentaries. The findings showed that changes in consonant phonemes occurred in both languages according to phonological adaptations such as deletion, insertion, voicing, devoicing, and substitution.

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“…For example, Kachru (2005) claimed that PakE speakers could not maintain difference between /e/ or /ae/ and long /i:/ and short /ɪ/ vowels but these claims have been refused later . Another research has claimed that PakE speakers could not maintain difference between /ə/ and /ɜ:/ vowels because of the unavailability of /ɜ:/ sound (Mahboob & Ahmar, 2004) in Urdu/Punjabi phonetic inventory (Hussain et al, 2011;. Currently, this research deals with the acoustic behavior of front vowels /Ɛ/ and /ae/.…”

Section: Pakistani English (Pake)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Analysis of Front Vowels /Ɛ/ and /æ/ in Pakistani Punjabi English

Farooq

Mahmood²

2017

IJEL

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The current research is done for the verification of two different claims. According to Kachru, (2005) that Punjabi English speakers are unable to create distinction between /Ɛ/ and /æ/ front vowels but Bilal et al. (2011) has refused this claim after verifying it in the speech of Punjabi speakers of Sargodha, Pakistan. If Bilal is right than there is a big need to study this claim in broader perspective. Therefore, in the current research, 9720 utterances (of 72 native Punjabi speakers from 12 districts of Punjab, Pakistan) are recorded and analyzed in PRAAT software. Data analysis is done in two steps i.e., (i) auditory analysis is done by listening wave files and (ii) acoustic analysis is based on the measurement of first three formant values (F1, F2, F3) and vowels’ duration. The results clarify that Pakistani Punjabi English speakers have maintained difference in short and long, stressed and unstressed articulation at word initial and medial positions. But the limited number of Lahori Punjabians could not maintain this difference at word medial position only. Consequently, this research highly supports Bilal’s claim in broader perspective but we cannot totally deny Kachru’s claim. Because we have also find traces of /Ɛ/ and /æ/ merger in our data as well and the reason might be the selection of research sample.

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Vowel Substitution: A Comparative Study of English Loans in Punjabi and Urdu

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Mispronunciation and Substitution of Mid-high Front and Back Hausa Vowels by Yorùbá Native Speakers

Mispronunciation and Substitution of Mid-high Front and Back Hausa Vowels by Yorùbá Native Speakers

Consonant Changes in Words Borrowed From Sanskrit to Thai and Patani Malay

Acoustic Analysis of Front Vowels /Ɛ/ and /æ/ in Pakistani Punjabi English

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