Abstract:Von den maßgebenden Stellen aller europäischen Länder wurde in den letzten Jahren immer wieder auf die Wichtigkeit und den außerordentlichen Wert des Sammeins und des Anbaus von Heilpflanzen in Europa hingewiesen. Die bestmögliche Erfassung der Medizinalrohstoffe ist für das Sanitätswesen und die Erhaltung des Gesuildheitszustandes der Bevölkerung Europas vordringlich. Gerade die Medizinaldrogen erfordern erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit. Die sachgemäße und richtige Kenntnis der schwierigen Materie bei den angesetzten K… Show more
“…The mass and energy balances of the CO2 capture systems integrated in cement kiln have been estimated by the proprietary code GS [14] developed by the GECOS group of the Department of Energy at Politecnico di Milano. Assumptions related to the clinker burning line have been defined according to the model developed by the German Cement Works Association VDZ for the European Cement Research Academy (ECRA) [12] and the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme [15].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the key components existing in the reference cement plant (conventional process) can be used in the full oxyfuel configuration and do not require any major modifications in retrofitting projects. The only exception is the clinker cooler of which several new designs have been proposed so far [12,23]. In the configuration analyzed in this work, the clinker cooler is assumed to consist of two distinct zones: a high temperature zone, working with a mixture of 95%vol.…”
Section: Fig 3 Schematic Of the Full Oxyfuel Configurationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• in full and partial oxyfuel configurations, the fuel burned in the cement kiln increases of +3% and +19% respectively. The primary energy consumption of the partial oxyfuel configuration is higher than presented in the ECRA study [12] because in this work all the configurations have been studied and compared for retrofit cases, while the ECRA partial oxyfuel configuration has been developed with the aim of maximizing the energy efficiency of the system, leading to different assumptions and plant configurations. As an example, in the present work the oxyfuel calciner has been simulated by tuning the CO2 recirculation rate in order to keep the gas volume flow at reactor outlet unchanged with respect to its baseline operation, whereas the ECRA study envisages different gas volumes and a new design of risers and cyclones.…”
Section: Direct Indirect and Equivalent Primary Energy Consumptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxyfuel technology is based on the idea of using pure oxygen instead of air as oxidant in the clinker burning process. The configuration most commonly proposed for this technology is the full-Oxyfuel configuration [10][11][12], where the combustion process is carried out with an oxidant flow composed mainly of O2 and CO2, in order to produce a flow rich in CO2 that can be treated directly in the CO2 purification unit (CPU). The aim of this work is to present a comparative technical assessment between different configurations of the Oxyfuel and CaL technologies for the production of low-carbon clinker.…”
“…The mass and energy balances of the CO2 capture systems integrated in cement kiln have been estimated by the proprietary code GS [14] developed by the GECOS group of the Department of Energy at Politecnico di Milano. Assumptions related to the clinker burning line have been defined according to the model developed by the German Cement Works Association VDZ for the European Cement Research Academy (ECRA) [12] and the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme [15].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the key components existing in the reference cement plant (conventional process) can be used in the full oxyfuel configuration and do not require any major modifications in retrofitting projects. The only exception is the clinker cooler of which several new designs have been proposed so far [12,23]. In the configuration analyzed in this work, the clinker cooler is assumed to consist of two distinct zones: a high temperature zone, working with a mixture of 95%vol.…”
Section: Fig 3 Schematic Of the Full Oxyfuel Configurationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• in full and partial oxyfuel configurations, the fuel burned in the cement kiln increases of +3% and +19% respectively. The primary energy consumption of the partial oxyfuel configuration is higher than presented in the ECRA study [12] because in this work all the configurations have been studied and compared for retrofit cases, while the ECRA partial oxyfuel configuration has been developed with the aim of maximizing the energy efficiency of the system, leading to different assumptions and plant configurations. As an example, in the present work the oxyfuel calciner has been simulated by tuning the CO2 recirculation rate in order to keep the gas volume flow at reactor outlet unchanged with respect to its baseline operation, whereas the ECRA study envisages different gas volumes and a new design of risers and cyclones.…”
Section: Direct Indirect and Equivalent Primary Energy Consumptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxyfuel technology is based on the idea of using pure oxygen instead of air as oxidant in the clinker burning process. The configuration most commonly proposed for this technology is the full-Oxyfuel configuration [10][11][12], where the combustion process is carried out with an oxidant flow composed mainly of O2 and CO2, in order to produce a flow rich in CO2 that can be treated directly in the CO2 purification unit (CPU). The aim of this work is to present a comparative technical assessment between different configurations of the Oxyfuel and CaL technologies for the production of low-carbon clinker.…”
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