Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplet combined with HPLC for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides

Spectroscopic study on interaction between three cationic surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths and DNA

“…The hydrophobic moieties are generally constituted by long-chain alkyl groups, while the hydrophilic portions are composed of a number of polar groups such as amino groups, carboxyl groups and sulfonyl groups. So far, surfactants have been widely applied as colloid, emulsion and foam stabilizer in domestic life and industrial production [2][3][4][5]. In recent years, a large amount of indiscriminate surfactants used in chemical industries were released into aquatic ecosystems without being effectively treated [6].…”

Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLLME) technique: A new microextraction approach for direct liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis analysis

“…Both high and low density organic solvents can be used, depending on the affinity of the target analytes. The VALLME technique was successfully applied for the extraction of diverse analytes such as alkyl phenols [10,16], haloanisoles and halophenol [17], pesticides [18][19][20][21], herbicides [22], phthalate esters [14,15], polychlorinated biphenyls [23], furfurals [24], perfluorooctanesulfonate [25] and aliphatic amines [26]. In order to improve the extraction efficiency and/or phase separation, several modifications such as the addition of surfactant [14,18,19,22], ultrasound agitation [21], aeration [27], centrifugation [15,25,26] and salt addition [24] were used.…”

Cationic Micellar Precipitation for Simultaneous Preconcentration of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…The extraction efficiency was evaluated in term of enrichment factor (EF), which was defined as the ratio between the analyte concentration in extraction solvent after and before the extraction process. 27 All experiments were operated at least in triplicate.…”