Vortex‐assisted Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Pyrethroids in Mushroom

Abstract

In this research, a novel method—namely vortex‐assisted emulsification microextraction—was introduced for the determination of pyrethroids (flucythrinate, beta‐cypermethrin, and fenvalerate) in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricular, and Flammulina velutiper). A green solvent 1‐dodecanol was used as the extraction solvent. The low freezing point makes 1‐dodecanol easy to solidify and separate after retention in an ice bath. To avoid the use of dispersion solvents, vortex agitation was applied instead to increase the contact area between extraction solvent and samples. The type and volume of extraction solvent, time of extraction, and addition of sodium chloride were optimized. Under optimal conditions, linear responses were obtained within 1–100 μg/g (R2 ≥ 0.999). The extraction recovery was within 70.2–89.2% with relative standard deviations of less than 8.1%. This method was simple, fast, and environmentally friendly, and was successfully applied to extract and analyze pyrethroids in Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricular, and Flammulina velutiper.

Cyclodextrin-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets coupled with HPLC for the determination of pyrethroid residues in cereals

“…Food sample, extractant type and volume, microextraction equipment and time, recovery, RSD and LOD of the proposed CD-assisted DLLME-SFOD method, and those of the other methods for HPLC determination of pyrethroids [25][26][27] are show in Table 3. Menthol used in the proposed method is more eco-friendly than the extractant used in the previously reported extraction methods for the pyrethroids determination.…”