Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid

Dominici, Lorenzo; Dagvadorj, Galbadrakh; Fellows, J. M.; Ballarini, Dario; Giorgi, Milena De; Marchetti, F. M.; Piccirillo, Bruno; Marrucci, Lorenzo; Bramati, Alberto; Gigli, Giuseppe; Szymańska, M. H.; Sanvitto, D.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500807

Cited by 76 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In planar cavities, the related effective magnetic field has a winding number 2 (instead of 1 for Rashba). It is at the origin of a very large variety of spin-related effects, such as the optical spin Hall effect [44,45], half-integer topological defects [46,47], Berry phase for photons [48], and the generation of topologically protected spin currents in polaritonic molecules [49]. The combination of a TE-TM SOC and a Zeeman field in a honeycomb lattice has indeed been found to yield a QAH phase [29,[50][51][52][53][54][55], and the related model represents a generalization of the seminal Haldane-Raghu proposal [56] of photonic topological insulator, recovered for large TE-TM SOC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Bleu¹,

Solnyshkov²,

Malpuech³

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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We derive the diagram of the topological phases accessible within a generic Hamiltonian describing quantum anomalous Hall effect for photons and electrons in honeycomb lattices in presence of a Zeeman field and Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC). The two cases differ crucially by the winding number of their SOC, which is 1 for the Rashba SOC of electrons, and 2 for the photon SOC induced by the energy splitting between the TE and TM modes. As a consequence, the two models exhibit opposite Chern numbers ±2 at low field. Moreover, the photonic system shows a topological transition absent in the electronic case. If the photonic states are mixed with excitonic resonances to form interacting exciton-polaritons, the effective Zeeman field can be induced and controlled by a circularly polarized pump. This new feature allows an all-optical control of the topological phase transitions. PACS numbers:The discovery of the quantum Hall effect [1] and its explanation in terms of topology [2,3] have refreshed the interest to the band theory in condensed matter physics leading to the definition of a new class of insulators [4,5]. They include quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) phase [6] with broken time reversal (TR) symmetry [7][8][9] (also called Chern or Z insulators) and Quantum Spin Hall (QSH or Z 2 ) Topological Insulators with conserved TR symmetry [10][11][12]. The QSH effect was initially predicted to occur in honeycomb lattices because of the intrinsic Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC) of the atoms forming the lattice, whereas the extrinsic Rashba SOC is detrimental for QSH [11]. On the other hand, the classical anomalous Hall effect is now known to arise from a combination of extrinsic Rashba SOC and of an effective Zeeman field [13]. In a 2D lattice with Dirac cones it leads to the formation of a QAH phase, for which the intrinsic SOC is detrimental [14][15][16]. In the large Rashba SOC limit, this description was found to converge towards an extended Haldane model [14]. Another field, which has considerably grown these last years, is the emulation of such topological insulators with different types of particles, such as fermions (either charged, as electrons in nanocrystals [17,18], or neutral, such as fermionic atoms in optical lattices [19,20]) and bosons (atoms, photons, or mixed light-matter quasiparticles) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The main advantage of artificial analogs is the possibility to tune the parameters [30], to obtain inaccessible regimes, and to measure quantities out of reach in the original systems. These analogs also call for their own applications, beyond those of the originals. Photonic systems have indeed allowed the first demonstration the QAHE [31,32], later implemented in electronic [33] and atomic systems [34]. They have allowed the realization of topological bands with high Chern numbers (C n ) [35], making possible to work with superpositions of chiral edge states. From an applied point of view, they open the way to non-reciprocal photonic transport, highly desirable to implement logical photonic ...

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confidence: 99%

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Bleu¹,

Solnyshkov²,

Malpuech³

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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“…For example, is it possible to use a beam with OAM of m p and create additional OAM contributions, say two components of OAM m 1 and m 2 , and to use the light beam characteristics of frequency and intensity to control m 1 and m 2 ? The fact that rotationally symmetric states can be unstable under sufficiently large interactions is well known, and examples include spatial pattern formation in chemical reactions and the biological process of morphogenesis [26,27], patterns in nonlinear optical solid-state and gaseous systems [28][29][30], and pattern [31] and vortex formation in atomic and polaritonic quantum fluids [32][33][34]. However, the mere breaking of rotational symmetry does not answer the question of how one could design a nonlinear system that would perform similarly to the linear systems mentioned above, but with the benefit of all-optical control of its output.…”

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Optically Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Generation in a Polaritonic Quantum Fluid

et al. 2017

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Applications of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light range from the next generation of optical communication systems to optical imaging and optical manipulation of particles. Here we propose a micron-sized semiconductor source that emits light with predefined OAM pairs. This source is based on a polaritonic quantum fluid. We show how in this system modulational instabilities can be controlled and harnessed for the spontaneous formation of OAM pairs not present in the pump laser source. Once created, the OAM states exhibit exotic flow patterns in the quantum fluid, characterized by generation-annihilation pairs. These can only occur in open systems, not in equilibrium condensates, in contrast to well-established vortex-antivortex pairs. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.113903 The physics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted considerable attention ([1-3] and references therein). The interest in the physics of OAM extends beyond the characterization and preparation of light beams with nonzero OAM, and includes such topics as rotational frequency shifts [4,5], detailed analysis of the vortex physics [6], the physics of OAM in second-harmonic generation [7,8], optical solitons with nonzero OAM [9], transfer and conservation of OAM from pump to downconverted beams [10,11], OAM conservation in degenerate four-wave mixing [12], data transmission using OAM multiplexing [13], and quantum optical aspects such as entanglement [14]. In addition, manipulation and creation of OAM states using coherence gratings [15], liquid crystals [16], and metasurfaces [17] has been reported.There is also a vast body of research on exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. Here, being part of the polaritons, otherwise noninteracting photons experience effective interactions through the polaritons' excitonic component. This combines the advantages of nonlinear systems with the ease of measuring optical beams. Polaritons form a quantum fluid, and prominent examples of observed phenomena include parametric amplification [18] and Bose condensation ([19,20] and references therein). Polaritonic quantum fluids can support vortices [21,22], and it was recently demonstrated that OAM can be transferred to polaritonic Bose-Einstein condensates using chiral polaritonic lenses [23], and that the number of vortices can be controlled by controlling the OAM of the pump beams [24,25].The question remains whether the relatively strong interaction between polaritons can be used to manipulate, in a well-controlled fashion, the orbital and/or spin angular momentum of polaritons (and thus the light field emitted from the cavity). For example, is it possible to use a beam with OAM of m p and create additional OAM contributions, say two components of OAM m 1 and m 2 , and to use the light beam characteristics of frequency and intensity to control m 1 and m 2 ? The fact that rotationally symmetric states can be unstable under sufficiently large interactions is well known, and examples include spatial pattern formation in chemica...

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“…The interaction of highly localized modes with nanoscale emitters has gained much attention in the past decades for its importance in fundamental quantum physics, such as Bose‐ Einstein condensation, quantum vortex and non‐Hermitian physics and applications in optical transistors, polariton switches and single photon sources . Based on the energy exchange rate between matter and electromagnetic modes relative to their respective damping constants, light–matter interaction strength can be classified into weak and strong coupling regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS₂ Hybrid System

Liu

Tobing

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Strong plasmon–exciton interactions in monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is emerging as a promising material platform for light emissions, nonlinear optics, and quantum communications, and their realizations require highly localized electric fields parallel to the transition dipole moment of TMD excitons. Here, a systematic study of light–matter interaction in planar dimer nanoantenna of nanoscale gaps coupled with monolayer WS2 is presented, where the effects of the local field enhancement and spatial mode overlap in the plasmon–exciton coupling strength are experimentally investigated. Importantly, anticrossing behaviors in the strong coupling regime with a Rabi splitting of Ω = 118 meV for gold bowtie antennas with 7 nm gaps and Ω = 138 meV for gold dimer arrays with 10 nm gaps are demonstrated.

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Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid

Abstract: Two-dimensional fluid of polaritons sheds light on quantum vortex dynamics.

Cited by 76 publications

References 55 publications

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Optically Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Generation in a Polaritonic Quantum Fluid

Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS₂ Hybrid System

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Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid

Abstract: Two-dimensional fluid of polaritons sheds light on quantum vortex dynamics.

Cited by 76 publications

References 55 publications

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Photonic versus electronic quantum anomalous Hall effect

Optically Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Generation in a Polaritonic Quantum Fluid

Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS2 Hybrid System

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Product

Resources

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Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS₂ Hybrid System