Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS<sub>2</sub> Hybrid System

Liu, Lin; Tobing, Landobasa Y. M.; Yu, Xuechao; Tong, Jianhua; Qiang, Bo; Fernández‐Domínguez, Antonio I.; García‐Vidal, F. J.; Zhang, Dao Hua; Wang, Qijie; Luo, Yu

doi:10.1002/adom.201901002

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is imperative to use other complementary characterization methods that can provide further insight about the plasmon–exciton coupling mechanism at work. For instance, examples of such methods are photoluminescence in the far‐ and near‐field and/or spectroscopic methods enabling direct or indirect access to the absorption cross‐section . In addition, plasmon–exciton polaritons have also been observed using electron energy‐loss‐spectroscopy; this technique opens enticing perspectives for probing plasmon–exciton interactions at the true nanometer scale.…”

Section: Strong Light–matter Interactions In Layered Transition Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, plasmon–exciton polaritons have also been observed using electron energy‐loss‐spectroscopy; this technique opens enticing perspectives for probing plasmon–exciton interactions at the true nanometer scale. Furthermore, recent experimental works involving photoluminescence spectroscopy of LSPRs coupled to organic molecules or excitons in TMDCs have reported that most of the spontaneously emitted light originates from the LPB, with very little emission arising from the UPB. Nevertheless, more investigations—e.g., using time‐domain spectroscopies—are needed in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the dynamics in these systems.…”

Section: Strong Light–matter Interactions In Layered Transition Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Gonçalves

Stenger

Cox

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons, resulting from the hybridization of light with polarization charges formed at the boundaries between media with positive and negative dielectric response functions, can focus light into regions much smaller than its associated free‐space wavelength. This property is paramount for a plethora of applications in nanophotonics, ranging from biological sensing to photocatalysis to nonlinear and quantum optics. In the two‐dimensional (2D) limit, represented by atomically thin and van der Waals (vdW) materials of single‐layers bound by weak vdW attraction, polaritons are characterized by extremely small wavelengths associated with extreme optical confinement, and furthermore can exhibit long lifetimes, electrical tunability, and extreme sensitivity to their dielectric environment, among many other desirable qualities in nano‐optical device applications. Here, the fundamentals of polaritons in atomically thin materials are summarized, emphasizing plasmon and exciton polaritons, their strong light–matter interactions, and nonlinear plasmonics. More specifically, this review opens with a pedagogical discussion of plasmons in extended and nanostructured graphene, providing a classical electrodynamical model in a nonretarded theoretical framework, and the ultraconfined acoustic plasmons supported by hybrid graphene–dielectric–metal structures. In addition, the basic principles are introduced and the recent developments on nonlinear graphene plasmonics and on strong coupling physics with atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are reviewed. Finally, potentially new, promising research directions in the burgeoning field of 2D nanophotonics are identified.

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Section: Strong Light–matter Interactions In Layered Transition Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strong Light–matter Interactions In Layered Transition Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Gonçalves

Stenger

Cox

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…In the first scenario, the gap spacing ( g ) is adjusted from sub‐10 nm (Figure 1c) to sub‐5 nm (Figure 1d). Given that the smallest gap spacing of planar nanostructures based on lift‐off pattern transfer is in the sub‐10 nm range, [ 52 ] it is not possible to achieve sub‐5 nm in taller nanostructures using standard lift‐off method. Our strategy to achieve the sub‐5 nm gap spacing lies in the use of lateral force during electrodeposition to compress the resist structure in the gap region, as illustrated in Figure a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplays of Dipole and Charge‐Transfer‐Plasmon Modes in Capacitively and Conductively Coupled Dimer with High Aspect Ratio Nanogaps

Tobing

Soehartono

Mueller

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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The capacitive, inductive, and conductive couplings in coupledcavity structures have been explored in the literature. The capacitive coupling refers to the near-field coupling of electric dipoles, with some notable examples in plasmonic oligomers and dolmen structures. [27] The most widely used plasmonic structure for light-matter interaction is the plasmonic dimer, formed by two capacitively coupled plasmonic disks separated by a nanoscalegap, which has been demonstrated in the enhancement of quantum emitters [28,29] and detection of adsorbed molecules. [30,31] Inductive coupling, on the other hand, refers to the coupling of magnetic dipoles, such as between vertically stack split-ring resonators (SRR) in 3D stereo-metamaterial. [32,33] Stronger electromagnetic coupling is expected for decreasing inter-antenna spacing. As the antennas become physically connected, the nature of coupling changed from capacitive to conductive. In this situation, a shared conduction current between the antennas allows for the surface charge redistribution, resulting in a new plasmon mode. [34] The role of conductive coupling can be seen in the normal excitation of higher-order magnetic mode in the U-shape SRR, where the optical excitation of a horizontal electric dipole along in the SRR bottom arm leads to the excitation of the antiparallel vertical electric dipoles in the SRR side arms due to the surface charge distribution along the SRR structures. Charge transfer plasmons (CTPs) in coupled plasmonic cavities have gained attention for their interesting resonance mechanisms and potential applications in sensing. The authors present the first investigation of the CTP mode in top-down fabricated tall plasmonic nanostructures with deep nanogaps, whose excitation becomes possible by the interaction of transversal and longitudinal plasmonic modes. Hybridization of dipole and CTP modes at different parts of the plasmonic nanostructures, for both capacitively coupled dimer of sub-5 nm gap and conductively coupled dimer with junction bridge is extensively studied. Importantly, the authors demonstrate the conditional emergence of a hybrid dimer-CTP mode based on the cladding refractive index and analyte thickness, which can present an opportunity for highly specific surface sensing applications. The sensing performances of these modes are evaluated, showing a figure-of-merit of ≈18.4 and Q ≈ 44 for the hybrid dimer-CTP mode in the visible spectrum. Surface sensing based on alkanethiol adsorption shows surface sensitivity as high as ≈3.2 nm/carbonchain for this mode, which is higher than the typical values obtained by LSP structures.

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“…Strong coupling is made possible by the local optical density of photonic states (LDOS), which is primarily determined by the spatiotemporal confinement of electromagnetic fields, as characterized by the mode volume V and resonance Q-factor, LDOS α Q/V. Because of their direct band gap and large exciton binding energy, numerous systems integrating TMDs monolayer and plasmonic nanostructures have recently demonstrated robust plasmon–exciton coupling [ 6 , 7 ]. However, since many of the novelties and prospective applications of these monolayer TMDs are based on their excitonic light emission, having a controllable emission in such systems is essential for developing efficient photonic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Mode Tuning of Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2) by Integrating with One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal through Exciton–Photon Coupling

et al. 2022

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Two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalogenides (TMDs), are emerging materials for optoelectronic applications due to their exceptional light–matter interaction characteristics. At room temperature, the coupling of excitons in monolayer TMDs with light opens up promising possibilities for realistic electronics. Controlling light–matter interactions could open up new possibilities for a variety of applications, and it could become a primary focus for mainstream nanophotonics. In this paper, we show how coupling can be achieved between excitons in the tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer with band-edge resonance of one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal at room temperature. We achieved a Rabi splitting of 25.0 meV for the coupled system, indicating that the excitons in WSe2 and photons in 1-D photonic crystal were coupled successfully. In addition to this, controlling circularly polarized (CP) states of light is also important for the development of various applications in displays, quantum communications, polarization-tunable photon source, etc. TMDs are excellent chiroptical materials for CP photon emitters because of their intrinsic circular polarized light emissions. In this paper, we also demonstrate that integration between the TMDs and photonic crystal could help to manipulate the circular dichroism and hence the CP light emissions by enhancing the light–mater interaction. The degree of polarization of WSe2 was significantly enhanced through the coupling between excitons in WSe2 and the PhC resonant cavity mode. This coupled system could be used as a platform for manipulating polarized light states, which might be useful in optical information technology, chip-scale biosensing and various opto-valleytronic devices based on 2-D materials.

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Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS₂ Hybrid System

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Interplays of Dipole and Charge‐Transfer‐Plasmon Modes in Capacitively and Conductively Coupled Dimer with High Aspect Ratio Nanogaps

Optical Mode Tuning of Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2) by Integrating with One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal through Exciton–Photon Coupling

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Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS2 Hybrid System

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Interplays of Dipole and Charge‐Transfer‐Plasmon Modes in Capacitively and Conductively Coupled Dimer with High Aspect Ratio Nanogaps

Optical Mode Tuning of Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2) by Integrating with One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal through Exciton–Photon Coupling

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Strong Plasmon–Exciton Interactions on Nanoantenna Array–Monolayer WS₂ Hybrid System