Volunteer Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) in Newly Seeded Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>L.)

Ott, P; Dawson, J. H.; Appleby, Arnold P.

doi:10.1017/s0890037x00031985

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Weed competition is one of the most limiting factors during crop establishment and early growth since it is not a vigorous competitor and weeds emerging shortly after seeding can reduce alfalfa success (Fischer et al 1988;Zimdahl 2004). Ott et al (1989) reported that volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) emerging with seedling alfalfa in the fall could reduce first-cutting alfalfa yields by more than 80%. Pike and Stritzke (1984) demonstrated that cheat (Bromus secalinus L.) infestations could reduce first-cutting alfalfa yields between 60 and 85% when not controlled in the fall; total alfalfa yield for the season (three to five cuttings) was reduced by 25 to 35%.…”

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Critical Period for Weed Control in Alfalfa

2011

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The critical period for weed control for many crops has been well investigated and the results have been used to develop better weed management recommendations. However, research is limited on the critical period for weed control for alfalfa, a perennial crop with multiple harvests. With the advent of new, more effective POST herbicides for alfalfa, an understanding of the critical period may further enhance forage yield. The objective of this study was to determine the critical period for weed control in spring-seeded alfalfa. Alfalfa was seeded conventionally at two locations in Pennsylvania in the spring of 2004 and 2005; glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant alfalfa were used for weed management. A surrogate weed, Japanese millet, was seeded at three planting rates to simulate varied levels of weed density. In the analysis, the critical period for weed control was identified for the 2004 seedings, but not for 2005. In 2004, the critical period varied by location, but began at the 0.5 trifoliate alfalfa growth stage and ended at the 7 trifoliate growth stage. When identified, the critical period was similar for both first-harvest yield and first-year cumulative yield. Higher weed density caused the critical period to begin earlier than under lower weed densities, but weed density had no effect on when the critical period ended. Under moderate to heavy weed populations, the critical period for weed control can increase herbicide use efficiency and maximize alfalfa returns, although under low weed severity, the critical period may not exist.

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Critical Period for Weed Control in Alfalfa

2011

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“…Alfalfa yield from the first herbage cut can be reduced by 60–80% when volunteer monocots are not controlled in the fall. The total alfalfa yield for a season (consisting of three to five herbage cuts) was reduced by 25–35% ( Pike and Stritzke, 1984 ; Ott et al, 1989 ). Transgenic alfalfa plants grown in a soil medium under glasshouse conditions were phenotypically normal and exhibited bialaphos resistance ( Montague et al, 2007 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Co-transforming bar and CsALDH Genes Enhanced Resistance to Herbicide and Drought and Salt Stress in Transgenic Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Duan

Zhang

et al. 2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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Drought and high salinity are two major abiotic factors that restrict the productivity of alfalfa. By application of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, an oxidative responsive gene, CsALDH12A1, from the desert grass Cleistogenes songorica together with the bar gene associated with herbicide resistance, were co-transformed into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). From the all 90 transformants, 16 were positive as screened by spraying 1 mL L-1 10% Basta solution and molecularly diagnosis using PCR. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that drought and salt stress induced high CsALDH expression in the leaves of the transgenic plants. The CsALDH expression levels under drought (15 d) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) were 6.11 and 6.87 times higher than in the control plants, respectively. In comparison to the WT plants, no abnormal phenotypes were observed among the transgenic plants, which showed significant enhancement of tolerance to 15 d of drought and 10 d of salinity treatment. Evaluation of the physiological and biochemical indices during drought and salt stress of the transgenic plants revealed relatively lower Na+ content and higher K+ content in the leaves relative to the WT plants, a reduction of toxic on effects and maintenance of osmotic adjustment. In addition, the transgenic plants could maintain a higher relative water content level, higher shoot biomass, fewer changes in the photosystem, decreased membrane injury, and a lower level of osmotic stress. These results indicate that the co-expression of the introduced bar and CsALDH genes enhanced the herbicide, drought and salt tolerance of alfalfa and therefore can potentially be used as a novel genetic resource for the future breeding programs to develop new cultivars.

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“…This is especially true in alfilfa(Medicago sativaL. ), as invasion by quackgrass affects stand establishment (Ott et al 1989) and reduces forage quality of the herbage (Fawcett et al 1978). Quackgrass is difficult to control in established alfalfa because its rhizomes become rapidly and extensively established.…”

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“…In alfalfa, sethoxydim gave excellent control of annual grasses during stand establishment (Ott et al 1989;Curran et al 1993). In established alfalfa, control of quackgrass with sethoxydim varied with application rate and inclusion of adjuvants (Albright and Harvey 1988).…”

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“…Leroux and Harvey (1986) reported that the CP concentration of first-cut herbage was increased when sethoxydim was applied in early spring, but had no effect when applied in mid-spring. (Ott et al 1989) and for chemical control of small grain companion crops (Curran et al 1993). However, if relatively weed-free forage is a production goal' use of sethoxydim may be warranted in established stands.…”

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