Voluntary intake and diet selection by dairy heifers fed ensiled whole-crop barley and oats harvested at different stages of maturity

Wallsten, Johanna; Nadeau, Elisabet; Bertilsson, J.; Martinsson, Κjell

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.031

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In FDA, Karma showed results of 349 g/kg and was lower than the control (P<0.05), in other cultivars accumulation was greater at 395 g/kg. (30) mencionan que un incremento de FDN en el forraje afecta negativamente el consumo de la materia seca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producción y calidad de forraje de variedades de avena en condiciones de temporal en Zacatecas, México

Gutiérrez¹,

Bañuelos

Serna‐Pérez³

et al. 2014

RMCP

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Se evaluó la producción, calidad y componentes de rendimiento de seis variedades de avena forrajera en Zacatecas. Los experimentos se establecieron en julio de 2011 y 2012 en el municipio de Monte Escobedo. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, la densidad de siembra fue 120 kg ha-1 y dosis de fertilización de 60-40-00 de N, P2O5, K. La cosecha fue en estado fisiológico lechoso-masoso. En 2011 y 2012, La variedad Saía sobresalió (P<0.05) entre cultivares en rendimiento de forraje seco con 3.7 y 5.6 ha-1, altura de planta con 119 y 120 cm, y en componentes de rendimiento acumuló la mayor (P<0.05) proporción de hoja y tallo. La variedad Karma sobresalió en proporción de espiga con 42 y 49 % (P<0.05) en 2011 y 2012, respectivamente. En proteína cruda losresultados fueron similares (P>0.05) entre variedades con un rango de 10.6 a 13.8 %. En los dos años de estudio Karma presentó las mejores características nutricionales: baja acumulación de fibra detergente neutro (51 %) y acida (33.4 y 35.3 %), valores altos en total de nutrientes digestibles (54 y 58 %), digestibilidad de la materia seca (60 y 62 %), valor relativo del forraje (110 y 113) y energía neta para lactación (1.4 y 1.34 Mcal/kg; P<0.05). Las variables asociadas de manera positiva con forraje seco fueron altura de planta (r=0.701), días a cosecha (r=0.685) y proporción de tallo (r=0.629), y negativamente con proporción de espiga (r=-0.629). En calidad nutricional Karma tuvo mejor valor forrajero. Saia es una buena alternativa para incrementar el rendimiento de forraje por hectárea.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producción y calidad de forraje de variedades de avena en condiciones de temporal en Zacatecas, México

Gutiérrez¹,

Bañuelos

Serna‐Pérez³

et al. 2014

RMCP

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“…Rate of digestion (K^), lag time for digestion, soluble fraction (SF), potentially degradable (D) and undegradable (Undeg) proportions of DM, OM, CP, and NDF for whole-crop millet {Panicum milliaceum; cv. Red Proso) harvested at different stages of maturity, determined using in situ incubations (Acosta et al, 1991;Filya, 2003;Wallsten et al, 2009), which is not appropriate as a reference for dry-preserved forages. For example, in contrast to silage (Khorasani et al, 1997), postharvest preservation of forage in a swath grazing system exposes the harvested whole-plant material to environmental weather conditions, including precipitation, which decreases CP concentrations, increases NDF and ADF concentrations, and decreases in vitro OM digestibility (Aasen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in contrast to silage (Khorasani et al, 1997), postharvest preservation of forage in a swath grazing system exposes the harvested whole-plant material to environmental weather conditions, including precipitation, which decreases CP concentrations, increases NDF and ADF concentrations, and decreases in vitro OM digestibility (Aasen et al, 2004). The resulting recommendations for optimal maturity at harvest, which are largely from studies based on ensiling, have been to harvest barley, millet, oat, and wheat at the soft dough (Acosta et al, 1991;Khorasani et al, 1997;Wallsten et al, 2009), 3 wk post heading (May et al, 2007;McCartney et al, 2009), late milk (Kilcher and Troelsen, 1973;McCartney and Vaage, 1994;Wallsten et al, 2009), and early dough (Filya, 2003) stages, respectively. These recommendations aim to balance the general decline in apparent total tract OM and NDF digestibility with advancing maturity and capitalize on increases in yield (Kilcher and Troelsen, 1973;Acosta et al, 1991;Khorasani et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing

Rosser

Górka

Beattie

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swath grazing systems in western Canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. We hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decline in digestibility and, thus, the yield of effectively degradable DM (EDDM) would decline with advanced stages of maturity. Four replicate plots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.; cv. CDC Cowboy), millet (Panicum milliaceum; cv. Red Proso), oat (Avena sativa L., spp.; CDC Weaver), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; cv. 07FOR21) were grown, with a subsection in each replicate harvested at 4 different maturities: head elongation, late milk, hard dough, and fully mature. At each stage of maturity, the wet and DM yields, and chemical composition (DM, OM, NDF, crude fat, and nonfiber carbohydrates; NFC) were determined. Whole-crop samples were ground (2-mm screen) and weighed into nylon bags (pore size of 53 ± 10 µm), and duplicate incubation runs were conducted by crop type. For each incubation run, nylon bags were randomly allocated (randomized by field replication, stage of maturity, and incubation time) to 1 of 7 heifers (32 bags/heifer during each run). Degradation rates were determined using a first-order kinetic model and data were analyzed with stage of maturity as a fixed effect and plot as a random effect. The DM, OM, and NFC yields increased linearly for barley and oat (P < 0.001), and increased quadratically for millet and wheat (P ≤ 0.025). Neutral detergent fiber yield increased linearly for barley (P = 0.005) and quadratically for millet, oat, and wheat (P = 0.044). There were no changes in CP yield observed for barley, millet, or oat with advancing maturity, but there was a linear increase observed for wheat (P = 0.002). The NFC concentration increased linearly for barley, millet, and oat (P < 0.001), and quadratically for wheat (P < 0.001), whereas the EDDM concentration decreased quadratically for millet, oat, and wheat (P = 0.003). The degradation rate of NDF decreased linearly with advancing maturity (P ≤ 0.014) for millet, oat, and wheat, but was not affected for barley (P = 0.13). The yield EDDM increased linearly for barley and oat (P < 0.001), and increased quadratically for millet and wheat (P ≤ 0.025). These findings suggest that harvesting whole-crop annual cereals at the hard dough and mature stages may maximize the yield of EDDM.

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“…In the long silage harvested at dough stage of maturity the grains were attached by long awns, which was generally not the case with grain in the chopped dough-stage silage. The long awns might have been unpleasant for the animals (Laca et al, 2001;Wallsten et al, 2009), which could have affected their intake negatively.…”

Section: Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wallsten et al (2009) found that dairy heifers, fed round-baled whole-crop barley silage (WCBS) selected for the non-fibrous parts, when fed two-rowed but not when fed six-rowed barley harvested at the dough stage of maturity. They claimed that awns prevented the heifers from selecting kernels of the six-rowed barley which resulted in depressed intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical form and stage of maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley silage on intake, chewing activity, diet selection and faecal particle size of dairy steers

Rustas

Nørgaard

Jalali

et al. 2010

Animal

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This study examined the effects of physical form and stage of maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley silage (WCBS) on feed intake, eating and rumination activity, diet selection and faecal particle size in dairy steers. Whole-crop barley was harvested and ensiled in round bales. Eight dairy steers (live weight (LW): 350 6 10 kg) in a duplicated 4 3 4 Latin square design were fed WCBS harvested at heading or dough stage of maturity in long form or chopped in a 2 3 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The WCBS was supplemented with soybean meal. Daily dry matter (DM) intake increased by 7% ( P , 0.05) due to chopping of dough-stage silage but was unaffected by chopping of heading-stage silage. The steers fed chopped, but not those fed long dough-stage silage, selected for starch in the WCBS ( P , 0.001). The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake was 5% higher ( P , 0.01) for heading than for dough-stage silage and was associated with lower concentration of indigestible NDF (96 v. 170 g/kg DM). Rate of intake of DM and NDF was 37% higher ( P , 0.001), daily eating time was 24% shorter ( P , 0.001) and daily chewing time was 8% shorter ( P , 0.05) for chopped silage compared with long silage but there was no effect of maturity. Daily rumination time was not affected by treatments, whereas rumination and chewing times per kg NDF intake were 15% and 13% higher ( P , 0.05), respectively, for dough-stage than for heading-stage silage. The proportion of faecal particles retained on a 1 mm screen was 30% higher ( P , 0.001) due to chopping and 45% higher ( P , 0.001) due to delayed harvest. Chopping the dough-stage silage reduced the proportion of grain in faeces from 97 to 43 g/kg DM ( P , 0.05) indicating higher starch digestibility. In conclusion, chopping increased DM intake of WCBS when harvested at dough stage but not at heading stage of maturity.

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Voluntary intake and diet selection by dairy heifers fed ensiled whole-crop barley and oats harvested at different stages of maturity

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Producción y calidad de forraje de variedades de avena en condiciones de temporal en Zacatecas, México

Producción y calidad de forraje de variedades de avena en condiciones de temporal en Zacatecas, México

Effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing

Effects of physical form and stage of maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley silage on intake, chewing activity, diet selection and faecal particle size of dairy steers

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