Voluntary exercise and green tea enhance the expression of genes related to energy utilization and attenuate metabolic syndrome in high fat fed mice

Abstract

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are growing public health problems. We investigated the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and voluntary running exercise (Ex) alone or in combination against obesity and metabolic syndrome in high fat (HF) fed C57BL/6J mice. After 16 wk, GTE + Ex treatment reduced final body mass (27.1% decrease) and total visceral fat mass (36.6% decrease) compared to HF-fed mice. GTE + Ex reduced fasting blood glucose (17% decrease), plasma insulin (65% decrease), and insulin resistance (65% decrease) compared to HF-fed mice. GTE or Ex alone had less significant effects. In the skeletal muscle, the combination of Ex and GTE increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a), mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 5 (mt-Nd5), mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-Cytb), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase III (mt-Co3). An increase in hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Ppara) and liver carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (Cpt1a) and a decrease in hepatic expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) mRNA was observed in GTE + Ex mice. GTE + Ex was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing diet-induced obesity. These effects are due in part to modulation of genes related to energy metabolism and de novo lipogenesis.

Fermented Green Tea Extract Alleviates Obesity and Related Complications and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…3 and 4), indicating that FGT is capable of ameliorating obesity-related complications, including glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis, similar to other antiobesity agents. 32,33 Green tea has also been proposed to exert antiobesity effects [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] and to induce compositional changes in gut microbiota. 42,43 Since the phylum Bacteroidetes is more capable of cleaving the glycosidic linkages of polyphenols compared with Firmicutes, 44 it might be feasible that polyphenol supplementation contributes tothe reduction of body weight through the modulation of the gut environment in favor of Bacteroidetes, at least in part.…”

Decaffeinated green tea and voluntary exercise induce gene changes related to beige adipocyte formation in high fat-fed obese mice

“…Experimental diets were prepared by Research Diets, Inc (New Brunswick, NJ, USA) as previously described (Sae-Tan, Rogers, & Lambert, 2014). …”

“…More recently, it has been shown that combination treatment with green tea and exercise results in greater obesity preventive activity in high fat-fed mice (Murase et al, 2005; Sae-Tan, Rogers, & Lambert, 2014). Gene expression analysis showed that combination treatment increased expression of genes related to lipid oxidation and decreased expression of genes related to de novo lipogenesis in both skeletal muscle and the liver.…”

Shifts in dietary carbohydrate-lipid exposure regulate expression of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated gene PNPLA3/adiponutrin in mouse liver and HepG2 human liver cells

“…The liquid diet was the only source of nutrition and hydration (17). In study 2, liver tissue was obtained from a study of high fat (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome (18). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed purified diets (Research Diet, Inc, New Brunswick, NJ) for 16 weeks which was either low fat (LF) (70% carbohydrate, 10% fat, and 20% protein); a HF diet (25% carbohydrate, 60% fat, and 15% protein) or they were treated with the same HF diet but allowed to voluntarily exercise through access to running wheels, see (18) for details.…”

“…Mice in study 2 were housed on a 12-h light/dark cycle with free access to food and drinking water. Body weights (study 1 and 2) and liver TG levels (study 1) of mice have been published (17, 18). Briefly, final body weight among different groups were same in study 1, and exercise resulted in decreased final body weight (12%) compared to HF-fed mice.…”