Volumetry of the human amygdala — An anatomical study

Brabec, Jiří; Rulseh, Aaron; Hoyt, Brian; Vízek, M; Hořínek, Daniel; Hort, Jakub; Petrovický, P

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.11.005

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This limitation is most pronounced for the nuclei of the dorsal AG. Histological experiments revealed that the CeM AG is smaller than 150 mm 3 (Brabec et al, 2010;Garcia-Amado and Prensa, 2012). Consequently, the CeM AG is only 2-9 voxels large on fMRI images with 16-64 mm 3 voxels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Once the total AG boundaries were outlined, only the coronal plane was used to subdivide the AG into subnuclei groups using a single internal landmark line, defined on each coronal slice where the AG is present. This landmark line allowed us to separate the AG into subnuclei groups, approximately matching the intra-AG anatomy described in the Mai (2008) atlas, and a postmortem histological study by Brabec et al (2010).…”

Section: Amygdala Segmentation and Subdivisionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Human and animal studies have demonstrated that the AG is a gray matter complex, composed of at least thirteen distinct nuclei (Brabec et al, 2010;Janak and Tye, 2015;LeDoux, 2012;Sah et al, 2003;Whalen et al, 2009). These are generally grouped into two major subdivisions: basolateral and centrocorticomedial (Johnston, 1923;LeDoux and Schiller, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amygdala subnuclei response and connectivity during emotional processing

Hrybouski

Aghamohammadi‐Sereshki

Madan

et al. 2016

NeuroImage

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The involvement of the human amygdala in emotion-related processing has been studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for many years. However, despite the amygdala being comprised of several subnuclei, most studies investigated the role of the entire amygdala in processing of emotions. Here we combined a novel anatomical tracing protocol with eventrelated high-resolution fMRI acquisition to study the responsiveness of the amygdala subnuclei to negative emotional stimuli and to examine intra-amygdala functional connectivity. The greatest sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli was observed in the centromedial amygdala, where the hemodynamic response amplitude elicited by negative emotional stimuli was greater and peaked later than for neutral stimuli. Connectivity patterns converge with extant findings in animals, such that the strongest connectivity was between the lateral nucleus and the nuclei of the basal amygdala. Current findings provide evidence of functional specialization within the human amygdala.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Amygdala Segmentation and Subdivisionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amygdala subnuclei response and connectivity during emotional processing

Hrybouski

Aghamohammadi‐Sereshki

Madan

et al. 2016

NeuroImage

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“…Imaging studies indicate that there is less volumetric decline with age in the amygdala than in most other brain regions [19,20] and postmortem measurements based on histological staining reveal no significant effect of age on amygdala volume [21] . Thus, contrary to the aging-brain model, older adults do not appear to suffer from focal damage in the amygdala and patients with amygdala damage are unlikely to be a useful neuropsychological model of the effects of aging.…”

Section: Structural Preservation Of the Amygdala In Agingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Age Differences in Brain Activity during Emotion Processing: Reflections of Age-Related Decline or Increased Emotion Regulation

Nashiro

Sakaki

Mather³

2011

Gerontology

190

167

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cortex activity than younger adults while engaging in emotion-processing tasks, we argue that the cognitive control hypothesis is a more likely explanation for older adults' positivity effect than the aging-brain model. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel In contrast with the age-related declines in many domains of cognitive functioning [1] , emotion regulation functioning improves somewhat with age [2] . People experience less negative affect as they get older and can restore their good mood after being induced into a negative mood more effectively than younger adults [3] . Older adults also show a 'positivity effect' in attention and memory [4] . For instance, older adults sometimes spend a larger proportion of time viewing positive items and a smaller proportion viewing negative items than do younger adults [5,6] . Moreover, in some studies, compared with younger adults, less of what older adults remember is negative and more is positive [5,7,8] . Such age by valence interactions tend to have a medium effect size [8] ; thus, as might be expected, studies with relatively small participant groups do not always reveal significant age differences. Other factors, such as a level of arousal of stimuli [9] , availability of cognitive resources [6] or types of measurements across studies [10] , may also account for the presence or absence of a positivity effect.Why do older adults show some improvements in emotion regulation despite suffering age-related cogni- Key WordsEmotion ؒ Aging ؒ Functional magnetic resonance imaging ؒ Positivity effect ؒ Amygdala ؒ Prefrontal cortex Abstract Despite the fact that physical health and cognitive abilities decline with aging, the ability to regulate emotion remains stable and in some aspects improves across the adult life span. Older adults also show a positivity effect in their attention and memory, with diminished processing of negative stimuli relative to positive stimuli compared with younger adults. The current paper reviews functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating age-related differences in emotional processing and discusses how this evidence relates to two opposing theoretical accounts of older adults' positivity effect. The aging-brain model [Cacioppo et al. in: Social Neuroscience: Toward Understanding the Underpinnings of the Social Mind. New York, Oxford University Press, 2011] proposes that older adults' positivity effect is a consequence of age-related decline in the amygdala, whereas the cognitive control hypothesis [Kryla-Lighthall and Mather in: Handbook of Theories of Aging, ed 2. New York, Springer, 2009; Mather and Carstensen: Trends Cogn Sci 2005; 9: 496-502; Mather and Knight: Psychol Aging 2005; 20: 554-570] argues that the positivity effect is a result of older adults' greater focus on regulating emotion. Based on evidence for structural and functional preservation of the amygdala in older adults and findings that older adults show greater prefrontal

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“…However, this is not an only region involved that is vulnerable to aging the neuroanatomical circuitry also include the cingulate cortex, amygdala, striatum, supplementary motor area and dopaminergic circuits, the latter being also related to the reward and learning. With increasing age, these brain circuits become less efficient and can provoke changes in decision-making and reward-related learning [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Functionally, the process of decision-making has been assessed by neuropsychological tests, being IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) the most used to evaluation of possible cognitive deficits in healthy, neurological, and/or psychiatric populations [17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

Wiesiolek

Foss

Diniz

2014

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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objective: Conduct a systematic review to investigate whether healthy elderly have deficits in the decision-making process when compared to the young. Methods: We performed a systematic search on SciELO, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed database with keywords decision making and aging (according to the description of Mesh terms) at least 10 years. results: We found nine studies from different countries, who investigated 441 young and 377 elderly. All studies used the IOWA Gambling Task as a way of benchmarking the process of decision making. The analysis showed that 78% of the articles did not have significant differences between groups. However, 100% of the studies that assessed learning did find relevant differences. Furthermore, studies that observed the behavior of individuals in the face of losses and gains, 60% of articles showed that the elderly has more disadvantageous choices throughout the task. Conclusion: The consulted literature showed no consensus on the existence of differences in performance of the decision-making process between old and young, but it is observed that the elderly has deficits in learning and a tendency to fewer advantageous choices. rESUMo objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática para investigar se idosos saudáveis apresentam disfunções no processo de tomada de decisão quando comparados a jovens. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus e PubMed, com as palavras-chave decision making and aging (de acordo com a descrição dos termos Mesh) dos últimos 10 anos. resultados: Foram encontrados nove estudos de diferentes países, que investigaram 441 jovens e 377 idosos. Como resultado, observou-se que 78% dos artigos não encontram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Porém, 100% dos estudos que avaliaram o aprendizado encontram diferenças significativas. Além disso, dos estudos que observaram o comportamento dos indivíduos perante as perdas e ganhos, 60% mostraram que os idosos apresentam mais escolhas desvantajosas ao longo do teste. Conclusão: Os artigos avaliados não apresentaram um consenso em relação à existência de diferenças no processo de tomada de decisão entre idosos e jovens, porém observa-se que os idosos apresentam dificuldade no aprendizado e tendência a escolhas menos vantajosas.

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Volumetry of the human amygdala — An anatomical study

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Amygdala subnuclei response and connectivity during emotional processing

Amygdala subnuclei response and connectivity during emotional processing

Age Differences in Brain Activity during Emotion Processing: Reflections of Age-Related Decline or Increased Emotion Regulation

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

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