Volumetric investigation of the hippocampus in rat offspring due to diabetes in pregnancy–A stereological study

Sadeghi, Akram; Asghari, Hadi; Hami, Javad; Roodi, Mina Mohasel; Mostafaee, Hamideh; Karimipour, Mohammad; Namavar, Mohammad Reza; Idoon, Faezeh

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101669

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Optimized stereological method has been proposed as an alternative technique which can significantly lower the required manual work. It has been studied before in different organs using MRI and CT.[ 33 34 35 36 37 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital volume measurements from magnetic resonance images using the techniques of manual planimetry and stereology

Bontzos

Mazonakis

Papadaki

et al. 2020

Natl J Maxillofac Surg

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Introduction: Current volume measurement techniques, for the orbit, are time-consuming and involve complex assessments, which prevents their routine clinical use. In this study, we evaluate the applicability and efficacy of stereology and planimetry in orbital volume measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Prospective imaging study using MRI. Sheep craniums and human subjects were evaluated. Water-filling measurements were performed in animal skulls, as the standard validation technique. Planimetry and stereology techniques were used in each dataset. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability testing were applied. Results: In stereology customization, 1/6 systematic sampling scheme was determined as optimal with acceptable coefficient of error (3.09%) and low measurement time (1.2 min). In sheep craniums, the mean volume measured by water displacement, planimetry, and stereology was 17.81 ± 0.59 cm 3 , 18.53 ± 0.24 cm 3 , and 19.19 ± 0.17 cm 3 , respectively. Planimetric and stereological methods were highly correlated ( r = 0.94; P ≈ 0.001). The mean difference of the orbital volume using planimetry and stereology was 0.316 ± 0.168 cm 3 . In human subjects, using stereology, the mean orbital volume was found to be 19.62 ± 0.2 cm 3 with a CE of 3.91 ± 0.15%. Conclusions: The optimized stereological method was found superior to manual planimetry in terms of user effort and time spent. Stereology sampling of 1/6 was successfully applied in human subjects and showed strong correlation with manual planimetry. However, optimized stereological method tended to overestimate the orbital volume by about 1 cc, a considerable limitation to be taken in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital volume measurements from magnetic resonance images using the techniques of manual planimetry and stereology

Bontzos

Mazonakis

Papadaki

et al. 2020

Natl J Maxillofac Surg

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“…In addition, their results have been shown the hippocampal subfields volumes, especially the CA1, DG, and subiculum, were significantly decreased. Moreover, they reported a significant decrease in the number of hippocampal cells in infants born to diabetic mothers [80].…”

Section: Effects Diabetes During Pregnancy On Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Animal models of diabetes during pregnancy indicate a decrease in the numerical density of neurons in some parts of the fetal central nervous system, particularly in the brain, hippocampus, and cerebellum, due to diabetes during pregnancy, which may be followed by decreased memory and learning ability, and memory defects and information retrieval [37,58,80,120]. Studies by Khaksar on gestational diabetes have shown that gestational diabetes can affect the infant CNS and reduce the number of cells and the thickness of the white and gray matter of the infant cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord [119].…”

Section: Effects Of Diabetes During Pregnancy On the Other Parts Of Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diabetes on Hippocampus

Vafaei-Nezhad¹,

Vafaei-Nezhad²,

Shadi³

et al. 2022

Hippocampus - Cytoarchitecture and Diseases

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Maternal Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders resulting an increased risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. It is estimated that the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy among women in developing countries is approximately 4.5 percent and this range varies between 1 to 14 percent in different societies. According to earlier studies, diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and child mortality and morbidity as well as major congenital anomalies including central nervous system (CNS) in their offspring. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that infants of diabetic women are at risk of having neurodevelopmental sequelae. Previous studies reveal that the offspring of diabetic mothers exhibit disturbances in behavioral and intellectual functioning. In the examination of cognitive functioning, a poorer performance was observed in the children born to diabetic mothers when compared with the children of non-diabetic mothers. Therefore, it is important to study the possible effects of maternal diabetes on the hippocampus of these infants.

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“…A study has discovered a correlation between maternal diabetes accompanied by elevated cortisol levels and alterations in the development of the brain’s cortical neuroendocrine system by reducing the number of hippocampal neurons [ 119 ]. Nevertheless, the precise molecular and cellular process via which diabetes during pregnancy impacts brain development remains unknown [ 120 ]. Consequently, glucocorticoids trigger physiological processes that have little or insignificant roles in utero but which become crucial at birth, such as the HPA axis [ 121 ].…”

Section: Changes In the Hpa Axis In T2dm Pregnancies Associated With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fetal Development in Pregnancies with Maternal Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-Associated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation: Possible Links to Pregestational Prediabetes

Ngema,

Xulu,

Ngubane

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Research has identified fetal risk factors for adult diseases, forming the basis for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. DOHaD suggests that maternal insults during pregnancy cause structural and functional changes in fetal organs, increasing the risk of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. It is proposed that altered maternal physiology, such as increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels associated with a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in maternal stress and T2DM during pregnancy, exposes the fetus to excess GC. Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure reduces fetal growth and programs the fetal HPA axis, permanently altering its activity into adulthood. This programmed HPA axis is linked to increased risks of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders in adulthood. With the global rise in T2DM, particularly among young adults of reproductive age, it is crucial to prevent its onset. T2DM is often preceded by a prediabetic state, a condition that does not show any symptoms, causing many to unknowingly progress to T2DM. Studying prediabetes is essential, as it is a reversible stage that may help prevent T2DM-related pregnancy complications. The existing literature focuses on HPA axis dysregulation in T2DM pregnancies and its link to fetal programming. However, the effects of prediabetes on HPA axis function, specifically glucocorticoid in pregnancy and fetal outcomes, are not well understood. This review consolidates research on T2DM during pregnancy, its impact on fetal programming via the HPA axis, and possible links with pregestational prediabetes.

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Volumetric investigation of the hippocampus in rat offspring due to diabetes in pregnancy–A stereological study

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Orbital volume measurements from magnetic resonance images using the techniques of manual planimetry and stereology

Orbital volume measurements from magnetic resonance images using the techniques of manual planimetry and stereology

The Impact of Diabetes on Hippocampus

A Review of Fetal Development in Pregnancies with Maternal Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-Associated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation: Possible Links to Pregestational Prediabetes

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