Volume of the Optic Disk Cup

Holm, Olle; Becker, Bernard; Asseff, Carl F.; Podos, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(72)90456-4

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Corresponding numbers has been found in newborn (Richardson 1968) and in children (Erkkila & Laatikainen 1979). On the other hand, asymmetric excavation has been reported rather frequently in glaucoma, and is considered to be of great diagnostic importance (Armaly 1969;Fishman 1970;Holm et al 1972).…”

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confidence: 83%

Asymmetric Cupping as a Congenital Anomaly in Ocular Hypertension

Odberg¹

1981

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Obvious asymmetry of the cup-disc ratio in the 2 eyes of an individual is regarded as a strong sign of glaucoma, which is useful in the early diagnosis. However, the size of the cup is proportional to the size of the disc, and consequently unequal discs will have unequal cup-disc ratios. Three cases of ocular hypertension are presented to show an asymmetric cupping which in all probability is due to a congenital asymmetry of the discs, and not caused by glaucomatous damage. This possibility must be considered when evaluating patients with ocular hypertension.Key word$: optic disc-cup-disc ratio -asymmetric cupping -ocular hypertension -congenital anomaly.

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confidence: 83%

Asymmetric Cupping as a Congenital Anomaly in Ocular Hypertension

Odberg¹

1981

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…2,20,21 Subsequent development of a photographic technique facilitated evaluation of the optic disc. [20][21][22][23] Further, the agreement in estimating CDR can be optimized under stereo conditions and with rigorous training. 2,[24][25][26][27] However, this may be difficult to achieve in many clinical practice settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement in Assessing Cup-to-Disc Ratio Measurement Among Stereoscopic Optic Nerve Head Photographs, HRT II, and Stratus OCT

Arthur

Aldridge

León-Ortega

et al. 2006

Journal of Glaucoma

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Purpose-To compare the level of agreement between subjective and objective methods in estimating horizontal and vertical cupto-disc ratios (HCDR and VCDR, respectively) to determine if objective techniques may be used as surrogates for subjective cup-to-disc (CDR) estimation.Methods-Fifty-one glaucoma patients and 49 control subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination, stereoscopic optic nerve head photographs (ONHPs), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomography II [HRT II]), and optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the agreement across the three methods. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey adjustment, and pairwise P values were used to compare the HCDR and VCDR estimates between three clinicians who reviewed photos, Stratus OCT, and HRT II.Results-For the clinicians, the agreement in subjectively assessed HCDR and VCDR was substantial (ICC = 0.84 and 0.85, respectively), and for all three methods, overall agreement was good (ICC = 0.75 and 0.77 for the HCDR and VCDR, respectively). Stratus OCT provided the largest overall mean ± SD HCDR (0.68 ± 0.14) and VCDR (0.62 ± 0.13). The smallest overall mean ± SD HCDR was provided by ONHP (0.32 ± 0.16), and the smallest overall mean ± SD VCDR was provided by HRT II (0.26 ± 0.20). Repeated measures ANOVA test demonstrated significant differences across the three methods for glaucomatous (P = 0.0017 and 0.0016, HCDR and VCDR, respectively) and normal (P = 0.0001 for both HCDR and VCDR) eyes. Tukey adjustment demonstrated specific statistical differences between pairs of methods. The agreement of glaucoma diagnosis, CDR measurements between the earlier versions of both HRT and OCT, and between objective and subjective methods has been evaluated previously. 1,10-13 However, the data on the agreement between subjective assessment of the CDR and the newer versions of these instruments are limited. 14 The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of agreement between subjective and objective methods of the CDR estimation using commonly available clinical tests (HRT II and Stratus OCT) to determine if these more reproducible techniques may be used as surrogates for subjective CDR estimation. Following maximal pupil dilation, stereoscopic photographs of all eyes were taken with the Nidek 3 Dx camera (Nidek Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Photographs were assessed with a stereoscopic viewer (Pentax II; Asahi Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan) and evaluated for photo clarity, adequacy of stereo, centering of disc, and exposure on a scale of excellent, good, fair, and unacceptable. Photos that scored excellent and good were included in the analysis. In total, 200 photos were evaluated. Photos were graded subjectively as either normal or glaucomatous based on signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In case of disagreement, the most senior grader made the final decision. Three masked glaucoma fellowship trained stereo-photo graders evaluated the p...

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“…The measurement of optic cup volume asymmetry provides an important additional diagnostic parameter. It was reported that volumes in excess of 1 mm3 confirm a definite diagnostic value; the cup volume varies directly with degree of field loss and is correlated with the cup/disc diameter 12 . Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to measure three-dimensional (3D) depth information, but it only gives a profile image at a certain cross-section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and qualitative depth analysis with a portable nonmydriatic fundus camera using oblique illumination

Kaushik

Sasaki

Takeyama

et al. 2023

J. Optical Microsystems

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The photographic assessment of the optic nerve has been one of the original and most extensively used methods to evaluate patients for glaucoma. The depth evaluation of the optic disc in the retinal fundus is important for the early detection of glaucoma. Conventional fundus cameras have a limited field-of-view for imaging of the retina and its peripheral areas. In this article, we report the design and fabrication of a non-mydriatic wide-field fundus camera using a contact-free trans-scleral illumination that is capable of taking 3D images of the optic disc using oblique illumination. We demonstrate that, using oblique illumination through sclera, a quasi 3D image of the optic disc along with its shadow can be obtained. The shadow provides important information on the shape and depth of the optic disc. The depth values of the optic disc obtained by our proposed method using shadow length measurements are in good agreement with the values obtained using an optical coherence tomography device. The results indicate that our fabricated fundus camera could be an easy-tohandle and low-cost tool for remote detection and diagnosis of ocular diseases without the need of an ophthalmologist.

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Volume of the Optic Disk Cup

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Asymmetric Cupping as a Congenital Anomaly in Ocular Hypertension

Asymmetric Cupping as a Congenital Anomaly in Ocular Hypertension

Agreement in Assessing Cup-to-Disc Ratio Measurement Among Stereoscopic Optic Nerve Head Photographs, HRT II, and Stratus OCT

Imaging and qualitative depth analysis with a portable nonmydriatic fundus camera using oblique illumination

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