Purpose-To compare the level of agreement between subjective and objective methods in estimating horizontal and vertical cupto-disc ratios (HCDR and VCDR, respectively) to determine if objective techniques may be used as surrogates for subjective cup-to-disc (CDR) estimation.Methods-Fifty-one glaucoma patients and 49 control subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination, stereoscopic optic nerve head photographs (ONHPs), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomography II [HRT II]), and optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the agreement across the three methods. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey adjustment, and pairwise P values were used to compare the HCDR and VCDR estimates between three clinicians who reviewed photos, Stratus OCT, and HRT II.Results-For the clinicians, the agreement in subjectively assessed HCDR and VCDR was substantial (ICC = 0.84 and 0.85, respectively), and for all three methods, overall agreement was good (ICC = 0.75 and 0.77 for the HCDR and VCDR, respectively). Stratus OCT provided the largest overall mean ± SD HCDR (0.68 ± 0.14) and VCDR (0.62 ± 0.13). The smallest overall mean ± SD HCDR was provided by ONHP (0.32 ± 0.16), and the smallest overall mean ± SD VCDR was provided by HRT II (0.26 ± 0.20). Repeated measures ANOVA test demonstrated significant differences across the three methods for glaucomatous (P = 0.0017 and 0.0016, HCDR and VCDR, respectively) and normal (P = 0.0001 for both HCDR and VCDR) eyes. Tukey adjustment demonstrated specific statistical differences between pairs of methods. The agreement of glaucoma diagnosis, CDR measurements between the earlier versions of both HRT and OCT, and between objective and subjective methods has been evaluated previously. 1,10-13 However, the data on the agreement between subjective assessment of the CDR and the newer versions of these instruments are limited. 14 The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of agreement between subjective and objective methods of the CDR estimation using commonly available clinical tests (HRT II and Stratus OCT) to determine if these more reproducible techniques may be used as surrogates for subjective CDR estimation. Following maximal pupil dilation, stereoscopic photographs of all eyes were taken with the Nidek 3 Dx camera (Nidek Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Photographs were assessed with a stereoscopic viewer (Pentax II; Asahi Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan) and evaluated for photo clarity, adequacy of stereo, centering of disc, and exposure on a scale of excellent, good, fair, and unacceptable. Photos that scored excellent and good were included in the analysis. In total, 200 photos were evaluated. Photos were graded subjectively as either normal or glaucomatous based on signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In case of disagreement, the most senior grader made the final decision. Three masked glaucoma fellowship trained stereo-photo graders evaluated the p...
A 14-year-old girl experienced two episodes of environmental tilt illusion. During both episodes, which lasted less than 1 minute, she perceived all objects within view as rotated 45 degrees clockwise. There were no auras, accompanying symptoms, or sequelae. Neuro-ophthalmic examination findings were normal except for a right relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD). Imaging disclosed a cystic mass in the left posterior thalamus with compression of the brachium of the left superior colliculus. Stereotactic biopsy revealed a pilocytic astrocytoma. This is the first case documenting environmental tilt illusion as an isolated symptom of a thalamic lesion. Disruption of vestibular connections between the posterior thalamus and the posterior parietal cortex may be the cause of this visual perceptive disorder.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.