Volume of precursor solution effect on the properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique

Palanichamy, S.; Mohamed, J. Raj; Kumar, Pawan; Pandiarajan, S.; Amalraj, L.

doi:10.1007/s11082-018-1611-0

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The decrease in the transmittance with increasing the doping percentage may lead to increase the degenerate (metallic) nature of the films which results in light absorption [20]. This result is agreement with S. Palanichamy, et al [21].…”

Section: Ig Fsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO2:Sb2O3 Thin Films

Aljarrah

Al-Jawdah²

2021

MSF

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In this research, SnO2 nanostructure thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis method, using concentration of tin (Sn) salt solution deposited on a glass substrate at temperature of 450 °C. The tin solution was prepared by solves 2.2563gm of SnCl2.2H2O (molecular weight 219.4954 g/mole) in 100 ml of ethanol, then add 60 drops of pure hydrochloric acid ( HCl) using drop by drop technique. Different concentrations of antimony oxide (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) hve been used to depose the thin films. The structure has been examined by X-ray diffraction technique, which shown that all films are polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with preferential orientation in the (200) direction and, grain size decreases with increasing doping concentration. Optical measurements shown that the films are transparently in the visible region, with an average transmittance more then 80% and, sharp absorption edge nearly at 350 nm, the nature of the optical transition were direct allowed with band gap varies between (2.97 - 3.75 eV) which is directly proportional to doping concentration. The results also show that the doping has led to improved the response time of the sensing. Two kinds of gases NO2 and NH3 have been used to test the sensing performance, at different operating temperatures (R.T, 100, 200, 250, 300 and 350) oC , and bias voltage (3 Volt). For NO2 gas the highest sensitivity was 77%, the shortest response time 2.9 s and the recovery time 19 s, while for NH3 gas sensitivity was 11.5%, the response time 4.1 s and the shortest recovery time 20s,

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Section: Ig Fsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Table (2) shows the changing of band gap with the concentration of Antimony oxide. This result has met a good agree with S. Palanichamya et al [21]. The sensitivity change with a range of operating temperature (100 -350 °C) is plotted according to equation ( 6), Figures ( 4) and ( 5), for different concentration of Sb2O3 deposited.…”

Section: Ig Fsupporting

confidence: 86%

Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO2:Sb2O3 Thin Films

Aljarrah

Al-Jawdah²

2021

MSF

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“…As a result, above the 20 ml precursor volume solution along with this broadening, overall phase change is observed due to violation of the optimized deposition condition, which leads to the overall growth being oriented towards amorphous nature and the films become powdery. Hence, above 20 ml precursor solution, possibly due to the peeling, powdery films are formed with the lowest crystallite value in the order of 7.7 nm [60][61][62]. The temperature gradient is responsible for the decomposition of the spray droplets before reaching the substrate surface, resulting in the formation of powdery films at higher precursor volumes, as reported earlier [62,63].…”

Section: Structural Analysis: Xrd Studymentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Hence, above 20 ml precursor solution, possibly due to the peeling, powdery films are formed with the lowest crystallite value in the order of 7.7 nm [60][61][62]. The temperature gradient is responsible for the decomposition of the spray droplets before reaching the substrate surface, resulting in the formation of powdery films at higher precursor volumes, as reported earlier [62,63]. Figure 4 shows the variation of average crystallite size with the precursor solution volume.…”

Section: Structural Analysis: Xrd Studymentioning

confidence: 60%

Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb₂O₃ thin films by phase transformation

Shinde¹,

Sonone²,

Kendale³

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology

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Nanostructured Sb2O3 thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique, and the effect of precursor solution volume on the physical properties was investigated for the first time. The prepared films were characterized in detail by using x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDAX), UV-vis absorption and transmission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy analysis and electrical resistivity measurement. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the senarmontite cubic phase is completely transferred to the valentinite orthorhombic phase as the precursor solution volume is increased. This phase transformation as a function of precursor volume is discussed in detail. The FESEM-EDAX analysis reconfirms the phase change showing well-defined nano-dimensional cubic hexagonal and orthorhombic octahedral morphologies with excellent stoichiometry. The optical property studies show that the bandgap energy of Sb2O3 varies from 3.43–3.98 eV as a function of precursor quantity. The as-grown Sb2O3 thin films are semiconducting in nature. The measured values of electrical resistivity and activation energy are found to be dependent on the spray solution volume. The electrical resistivity of deposited Sb2O3 thin films shows variation from 26.15 × 102–34.27 × 102 Ω cm and the activation energy of the films is in the order of 0.763–0.773 eV.

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“…The values of A, B and k were taken as 13.6 eV, 3.4 eV and 108 eV respectively. [48][49][50] In both the cases, the static refractive indices were found to increase due the existence of additional layers of material (that are formed by the increase in the solution molarity and thermal treatment) in the path of photons (Fig. 8).…”

Section: [ ] =mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of the Precursor Molarities on the Composition, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Tin Sulphide Films Obtained from S-SILAR Technique

Kumar

Rao

Ashik

2020

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The tin sulphide films obtained from chemical routes normally have two or more mixed phases (SnS, SnS2 and Sn2S3). The present paper reports a holistic approach to synthesize nearly stoichiometric, single phase tin sulphide (SnS) thin films by simplified SILAR (S-SILAR) technique without using any complexing agents. The material wastage due to precipitation was also reduced significantly. The cationic and anionic solutions were taken in 2:1 ratio. The solution molarity was found to have a strong bearing on the chemical composition, structural and optical properties of the films. The terminal thickness of the films was about 800 nm. The XRD patterns of the films confirmed that the films obtained from high molarity solutions were almost completely orthorhombic with preferred orientation along (040) plane without any mixed phases. The post-deposition heat treatment was found to be beneficial for the fine tuning of stoichiometry. The S/Sn ratio obtained for annealed films with 0.01 M, 200 cycles combination was 1.07. The optical absorption was substantial in visible and NIR regime with excellent photo-absorption coefficient. The films obtained from solutions with higher molarity were found to have a direct optical bandgap of 1.5 eV, which is highly desirable for NIR photodetectors and photovoltaic applications.

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Volume of precursor solution effect on the properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films

Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films

Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb₂O₃ thin films by phase transformation

The Effect of the Precursor Molarities on the Composition, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Tin Sulphide Films Obtained from S-SILAR Technique

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Volume of precursor solution effect on the properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films

Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films

Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb2O3 thin films by phase transformation

The Effect of the Precursor Molarities on the Composition, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Tin Sulphide Films Obtained from S-SILAR Technique

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Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb₂O₃ thin films by phase transformation