Volume Hologram Formation in SU-8 Photoresist

Sabel, Tina

doi:10.3390/polym9060198

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…It is also known that optical shrinkage can have significant influence on grating formation [ 28 ] and that the amount of PEG in a composition affects film shrinkage, as well as its optical properties [ 29 ]. Furthermore, we have also observed that photoinitiators may contribute to light-induced modification of optical properties and subsequent pattern formation as well [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-VIS Curable PEG Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications with Multifunctionality

Sabel‐Grau

Tyushina

Babalik

et al. 2022

Gels

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Multifunctional biomedical materials capable of integrating optical functions are highly desirable for many applications, such as advanced intra-ocular lens (IOL) implants. Therefore, poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels are used with different photoinitiators (PI). In addition to standard UV PI Irgacure, Erythrosin B and Eosin Y are used as PI with high sensitivity in the optical range of the spectrum. The minimum PI concentrations for producing new hydrogels with PEG-DA and different PIs were determined. Hydrogel films were obtained, which were applicable for light-based patterning and, hence, the functionalization of surface and volume. Cytotoxicity tests confirm cytocompatibility of hydrogels and compositions. Exploiting the correlation of structure and function allows biomedical materials with multifunctionality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-VIS Curable PEG Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications with Multifunctionality

Sabel‐Grau

Tyushina

Babalik

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…In studying the dynamics of the growth of holographic gratings, it has proven helpful to also investigate a simplified system in the form of the undoped SU-8 [ 12 ]. Without guest component the system is vastly simplified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth curves in case of SU-8 differ from those described by the Δ n -transition theory, since without guest component no transition takes place. However, they also show two phases, which can be explained by the formation of transient absorption as well as phase gratings in SU-8 [ 12 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of volume hologram formation in photosensitive polymers, a complex process where several components are involved, is ruled by the interplay of polymerization and diffusion, induced by a spatially modulated holographic exposure [ 3 , 11 ]. Studying the light-induced material response allows conclusions to be drawn on the mechanism of volume hologram formation [ 12 , 13 ]. Hereby, many factors influence how a photosensitive material responds to light during a holographic exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Pre-Exposure on the Material Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

Sabel‐Grau

2022

Polymers

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The formation of volume holograms in photosensitive polymers is a complex process under the influence of many interacting factors: material composition and processing, exposure conditions, and pre-exposure affect the development and final characteristics of holographic gratings. In order to better understand the interplay of these influencing factors, the detailed investigations of holographic recording in a new organic material are performed and the results are presented here. The material response and performance of an epoxy-based free surface material designed for volume holography are investigated. For this purpose, time-resolved investigation of volume holographic grating growth is performed on the one hand. Spatially resolved analysis of volume holographic phase gratings by point-by-point scanning of the local material response to the Gaussian intensity distribution of the recording beams is carried out on the other hand. Thus, the influence of pre-exposure on the temporal grating formation, as well as on the final obtained refractive index contrast, was determined. The various effects observed can be explained by the consumption of photosensitive compounds and prior crosslinking in the course of pre-exposure. Rather unexpected effects are that, on the one hand, pre-exposed gratings emerge with ever more complete null diffraction at the transition point and, on the other hand, a stabilizing effect of some degree of pre-exposure on regions exposed with low intensity was identified.

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“…Thereupon, a chemical gradient is induced, resulting in monomer diffusion and subsequent polymerization. As a consequence, the hologram is formed as a periodic modulation of optical properties—usually the refractive index—according to the recording light pattern [4,7]. For an illustration of the grating formation mechanism see Section 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Frequency Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

Sabel

2019

Molecules

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Holographic volume phase gratings are recorded in an epoxy-based, free-surface, volume holographic recording material. Light-induced gratings are formed by photo-triggered mass migration caused by component diffusion. The material resolution enables a wide range of pattern spacings, to record both transmission and reflection holograms with many different spatial frequencies. An optimum spatial frequency response is found between the low spatial frequency roll-off and the high spatial frequency cut-off. The influence of the energy density of exposure on the spatial frequency response is investigated. Secondary volume holographic gratings (parasitic gratings) are observed in the high frequency range. The possibility of distinguishing the regular grating from the secondary grating is discussed in the form of probe wavelength detuning.

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Volume Hologram Formation in SU-8 Photoresist

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

UV-VIS Curable PEG Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications with Multifunctionality

UV-VIS Curable PEG Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications with Multifunctionality

Influence of Pre-Exposure on the Material Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

Spatial Frequency Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

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