Voltammetry in Two‐Electrode Mode for Rapid Electrochemical Screening Using a Fully Printed and Flexible Multiplexer Sensor

Nagar, Bhawna; Silva, Wanderson O.

doi:10.1002/celc.202100477

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Altogether, they enable a deep understanding of the behavior of cBPCs and so higher capacities of prediction, optimization, and data analysis. The results here presented are also applicable to the study of coupled ion transfers at polymeric membrane sensors (Figure b), biphasic electron transfers at liquid–liquid interfaces (Figure c), , coupled ion–electron transfers at thick film-modified electrodes (Figure d), − as well as to two-electrode cyclic voltammetry and parallel paired electrolysis (Figure e).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells

Laborda,

López-Asanza,

Molina

2023

Anal. Chem.

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Closed bipolar cells (cBPCs) can offer valuable platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. On the other hand, such systems are more intricate to model and interpret than conventional systems with a single polarizable interface, with the applied potential "splitting" into two polarized interfaces where two coupled charge transfers take place concomitantly. As a result, the voltammetry of cBPCs shows peculiarities that can be misleading if analyzed under the framework of classic electrochemical cells. In this work, rigorous mathematical solutions are deduced for the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of cBPCs, including the current−potential response, the interfacial potentials, and the interfacial redox concentrations. With such theoretical tools, a comprehensive view of the behavior of cBPCs can be gained, and adequate diagnosis criteria are established on the basis of the shape, magnitude, and position of the CV signal as a function of the scan rate and of the experimental conditions in the anodic and cathodic compartments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells

Laborda,

López-Asanza,

Molina

2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…The potentials and the current between both electrodes were measured. This configuration was commonly used for solid-state electrochemistry [12,39,40]. Five different membrane systems were analysed: (A) PPy 90 Rim System, consisting of two identical CA membranes polymerised with PPy for 90 min, with a CA:IBU membrane in between.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalisation of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Membranes with PEDOT and PPy for Electronic Controlled Drug Release

et al. 2023

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Controlled drug release via electrical stimulation from drug-impregnated fibres was studied using electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and encapsulated ibuprofen (IBU). This research outlines the influence of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-functionalised CA membranes and their suitability for dermal electronic-controlled drug release. Micro Raman analysis confirmed polymer functionalisation of CA membranes and drug incorporation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images evidenced the presence of PPy and PEDOT coatings. The kinetic of drug release was analysed, and the passive and active release was compared. In the proposed systems, the drug release is controlled by very low electrical potentials. A potential of −0.3 V applied to membranes showed the ibuprofen retention, and a positive potential of +0.3 V, +0.5 V, or +0.8 V, depending on the conductive polymer and membrane configuration, enhanced the drug release. A small adhesive patch was constructed to validate this system for cutaneous application and verified an “ON/OFF” ibuprofen release pattern from membranes.

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“…[5,17] Unfortunately, due to their unconventional nature and our limited insight of their workings, two-electrode systems remain underexplored and are often used empirically without rational design. [18,19] Accordingly, understanding the inherent limitations of these systems is essential to harnessing their full potential and ensuring widespread adoption. Here, using paper-based laser-pyrolyzed devices as a model system, we demonstrate that two-electrode detection can provide excellent performance in FIA cartridges for clinical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid electrochemical flow analysis of urinary creatinine on paper: unleashing the potential of two-electrode detection

Bezinge,

Tappauf,

Richards

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The development of low-cost, disposable electrochemical sensors is an essential step in moving traditionally inaccessible quantitative diagnostic assays towards the point of need. However, a major remaining limitation of current technologies is the reliance on standardized reference electrode materials. Integrating these reference electrodes considerably restricts the choice of electrode substrate and drastically increases fabrication costs. Herein, we demonstrate that adoption of two-electron detection systems can circumvent these limitations and allow the development of low-cost, paper-based devices. We showcase the power of this approach by developing a continuous flow assay for urinary creatinine, enabled by an embedded graphenic two-electrode detector. The detection system not only simplifies sensor fabrication and readout hardware but also provides robust sensing performance with high detection efficiencies. In addition to enabling high-throughput analysis of clinical urine samples, our two-electrode sensors provide unprecedented insights into the fundamental mechanism of the ferricyanide-mediated creatinine reaction. Finally, we develop a simplified circuitry to drive the detector. This forms the basis of a smart reader that guides the user through the measurement process. This study showcases the potential of affordable capillary-driven cartridges for clinical analysis within primary care settings.

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Voltammetry in Two‐Electrode Mode for Rapid Electrochemical Screening Using a Fully Printed and Flexible Multiplexer Sensor

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells

Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells

Functionalisation of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Membranes with PEDOT and PPy for Electronic Controlled Drug Release

Rapid electrochemical flow analysis of urinary creatinine on paper: unleashing the potential of two-electrode detection

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