Voltammetric sensor based on magnetic particles modified composite electrode for determination of triamterene in biological sample

Abstract

Some diuretic substances are controlled and monitored by the World Anti-Doping Agency as prohibited substances for use by athletes, such as triamterene (TRT). Thus, this work describes a voltammetric method based on graphiteepoxy composite electrode modified by tosyl-functionalized magnetic particles (GECE/MPs-To) for determination of TRT diuretic in urine sample. The TRT presented an oxidation peak at +1.24 V at GECE/MPs-To with irreversible behavior. Controlled potential electrolysis of the TRT at +1.26 V indicated the two electrons are transferred during amine group oxidation and the main product was identified by LC-MS/MS. The anodic peak current is 25 % higher at the modified electrode, suggesting that TRT is adsorbed on the magnetic particles. Using optimized conditions by using multivariate optimization of the parameters inherent of the square wave voltammetry, a calibration curve was constructed with a linear relationship for TRT from 0.500 to 99.8 μmol L −1 . The limits of detection and quantification were 1.47 and 4.91×10 −7 mol L −1 , respectively. The proposed method was applied to urine sample and validated by LC-MS/MS technique where the values found and compared between the two techniques showed no significant difference at 95 % confidence.

Enhanced Detection of Ponceau 4R Food Dye by Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…14,16 Apart from the interesting and inherent characteristics of voltammetric techniques, one can think of the possibility of modifying the surface of electrodes using specific materials, thus resulting in improvements in the electroactive area, sensitivity, selectivity and catalytic activity. [17][18][19][20][21] Graphene is a widely explored material useful for developing electrochemical sensors by virtue of its special physicochemical properties including high surface area, excellent conductivity and high mechanical strength. 22 It is formed by single sheets of carbon bonded together by sp 2 bonds.…”

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry for simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene in hemodialysis samples using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode

“…S2.II), according to the following equations: E ap / V = −70.4 × 10 −3 pH + 1.30 (R 2 = 0.995) for HCT and E ap / V = −51.0 × 10 −3 pH + 1.37 (R 2 = 0.994) for TRT. The results indicated the same e − / H + ratios for oxidation of the diuretics [15,34].…”

“…The first was between 1.0 × 10 −7 and 5.0 × 10 −6 mol L Table 1 provides a comparison of the figures of merit of the proposed method and other techniques reported in the literature. The proposed sensor presented a lower limit of detection, compared to the values found elsewhere [15,17,34,37]. Although a lower limit of detection and higher linear range was obtained for the method described by Nezhadali [38], the novelty of the proposed sensor is that it enabled simultaneous determination of the analytes.…”

“…In the case of TRT, use of the GCE (Fig. 2.II.a) resulted in a single oxidation peak at 1.21 V, due to oxidation of the R-NH 2 group [15], with irreversible characteristics [35]. At the GCE/MWCNT electrode ( Fig.…”

“…Methods have been reported for the determination of HCT and TRT based on chromatography [10,11], spectrophotometry [12], capillary electrophoresis [13], amperometry [14], and voltammetry [15,16]. In addition to the need for methods for the determination of these diuretics, in recent years increasing attention has been given to the development of green analytical methods, with the goal of reducing environmental pollution [17].…”