Voltammetric determination of morphine on stationary platinum and graphite electrodes

Proksa, B.; Molnar, L.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)83284-0

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The oxidation of codeine or ethylmorphine which have methoxy and ethoxy groups, respectively, instead of a phenolic group in the 3-position, was studied and the first peak was obtained only at potentials higher than 1.0 V (data not shown). The oxidation of the phenolic group leads to the formation of pseudomorphine as the main product, as already suggested [3,5] (Scheme 1). This product, obtained from oxidation of the phenolic group, is, according to the literature [5], responsible for the poorly defined peak occurring at 0.8 V for morphine, since the structure of pseudomorphine (Fig.…”

Section: Electrochemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse I. Morphine and Metabolites

Garrido¹,

Delerue–Matos²,

Borges

et al. 2004

Electroanalysis

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A detailed study of the electrochemical oxidative behavior of morphine in aqueous solution is reported. Through the synthesis of several metabolites and derivatives, pseudomorphine, morphine N-oxide, normorphine, dihydromorphine and 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)morphine, and their voltammetric study it was possible to identify the oxidation peaks for morphine. The anodic waves are related with the oxidation of phenolic and tertiary amine groups. It is also possible to verify that a poorly defined peak observable during morphine oxidation is not a consequence of further oxidation of pseudomorphine but due to formation of a dimer during phenolic group oxidation. The results obtained and especially those regarding the formation of a new polymer based on a CÀO coupling could be useful for clarifying the discoloration phenomenon occurring during storage of morphine solutions as well as leading to a better understanding of its oxidative metabolic pathways.

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Section: Electrochemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse I. Morphine and Metabolites

Garrido¹,

Delerue–Matos²,

Borges

et al. 2004

Electroanalysis

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“…Although the first studies involving the oxidation of morphine occurred in the early 1960s, [15] its boom only happened at the end of the 1970s. [16,17] The study of the oxidative electroactivity of morphine and analogs showed that the phenolic group present in the structure of these compounds was the electroactive centre. The oxidative mechanism proposed involved one electron oxidation of morphine followed by dimerization of the free radical to pseudomorphine.…”

Section: Morphinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidative mechanism proposed involved one electron oxidation of morphine followed by dimerization of the free radical to pseudomorphine. [16] While morphine is easily oxidized at relatively low potentials, most of the other opiates are not oxidizable except at high potentials. This is due to the fact that these opiates contain a phenol ether or ester instead of a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of morphine (Fig.…”

Section: Morphinementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Analysis of Opiates—An Overview

Garrido¹,

Delerue–Matos²,

Borges

et al. 2004

Analytical Letters

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The analysis of opiates is of vital interest in drug abuse monitoring and research. This review presents a general overview of the electrochemical methods used for detection and quantification of opiates in a variety of matrices. Emphasis has been placed on the voltammetric methods used for study and determination of morphine, codeine, and heroin. Specific issues that need to be solved and better explained as well as future trends in the use of electrochemical methods in the examination of opiates are also discussed.

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“…Confirming this, it was observed that MIP binding sites reached a near saturation state at for higher CMQ concentrations. [34]. Values of K D for MIP/4-VP and NIP/4-VP sensors were, respectively, 0.939 and 0.483 mM.…”

Section: Binding Properties Of Mip and Nip Were Investigated By Meansmentioning

confidence: 88%