Voltammetric Determination of 2‐Aminofluoren‐9‐one and Investigation of Its Interaction with DNA on a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

Voltammetric behavior of the genotoxic environmental pollutant 2‐aminofluoren‐9‐one (2‐AFN) was investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in both negative and positive potential regions. For the determination of 2‐AFN based on the cathodic reduction of the carbonyl group, optimum conditions were found in a methanol–BrittonRobinson (BR) buffer pH 4.0 (1 : 9, v/v) medium, with the limits of quantification (LQs) of 0.4 and 0.2 µmol L−1 for DCV and DPV, respectively. For the determination of 2‐AFN based on the anodic oxidation of the amino group, optimum conditions were found in a mixture of methanol–BR buffer pH 8.0 (1 : 9, v/v), with the LQs of 0.8 and 0.6 µmol L−1 for DCV and DPV, respectively. The practical applicability of the newly developed voltammetric methods was verified on the direct determination of 2‐AFN in model samples of drinking and river water. Moreover, the interaction between 2‐AFN and double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated by DPV (performed at the bare GCE when both dsDNA and 2‐AFN were present in the measured solution) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) (carried out at the dsDNA/GCE biosensor after its incubation in the solutions of 2‐AFN for various times and at various concentrations of 2‐AFN) to characterize damaging effects of the test substance on the dsDNA structure in vitro. The intercalation of 2‐AFN between the dsDNA base pairs was the predominant supramolecular interaction observed.

Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Oxidation andin situInteraction with dsDNA Using a dsDNA‐electrochemical Biosensor

“…Performing this procedure, a full coverage of the GCE surface by a multilayer dsDNA film was obtained, avoiding the formation of undesired thin and incomplete network film of co‐adsorbed dsDNA−MET, dsDNA or MET, nonspecific binding to the electrode surface.…”

“…The METÀ dsDNA interaction mechanisms research is also important due to the possibility to better understand, as well as detecting, perturbations of the DNA doublehelical structure and oxidative DNA damage. The DNAelectrochemical biosensor [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], consists of an electrochemical transducer with DNA immobilized on its surface capable of detecting specific drugÀ DNA binding process [37,38], through electrochemical transduction.…”

Lactofen – Electrochemical Sensing and Interaction with dsDNA

“…There are several methods for the investigation of interaction between DNA and organic compounds [4][5][6][7]. Modern electrochemical techniques represent a very useful tool for this purpose [8], and mercury [9], amalgam [2], and carbon [10] electrodes are most often applied in such experiments.…”

Voltammetry at a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode as a Tool for the Study of the Interaction of Double‐stranded DNA with Genotoxic 4‐Nitrobiphenyl

“…For investigation of interactions between DNA and organic compounds and for DNA damage detection, spectrometric and electrochemical techniques are the most frequently used. Electrochemical techniques represent in these studies very useful tools , and utilization of mercury , amalgam , and carbon working electrodes is suitable for this purpose.…”