Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes

Abstract

Global energy systems are undergoing a transition process towards renewable energy and energy efficiency practices. Induction motors play an important role in this energy transformation process since they are widely used as industrial loads, representing more than 53% of global energy consumption. With more countries adopting minimum energy performance standards through more efficient induction motors, comparisons between these new technologies in the presence of electrical disturbances must be systematically evaluated before adopting a substitution policy in the industry. To this end, this work presents a comparative analysis of the impact of harmonic voltages on the performance and temperature rise of electric motors classes IE2, IE3 and IE4 in the same operational conditions in view of future substitutions. The results show that under ideal operating conditions the IE4 class permanent magnet motor has better performance in terms of consumption and temperature, however presenting non-linear characteristics. In the presence of voltage harmonics, this scenario changes completely according to the harmonic content. Finally, aiming to analyze the harmonics influence in the motor temperature rise a statistical analysis by means of Spearman correlation matrices is presented.

Reducing Rotor Temperature Rise in Concentrated Winding Motor by Using Magnetic Powder Mixed Resin Ring

“…The relationship between the short-circuit magnetic flux of the ring (φ r ), the stator magnetic flux that contributes to torque (φ s ), and the magnet magnetic flux (φ m ) is given by Equation (2). The magnetomotive force (F m ) of a magnet is represented by the product of the coercive force (H m ) of the magnet and the thickness of the magnet (t m ) as described in Equation (3). The magnet thickness t m changes in proportion to ring thickness (t r ), as described by Equation ( 4), assuming that the motor external dimensions and air gap distance are constant in this study.…”

“…Increasing motor efficiency is required to help prevent global warming [1,2], since more than 50% of the world's total power consumption is caused by motor driving [3], more than 60% of which can be attributed to the industrial sector [4]. Electrification is progressing in automobiles and aircraft, and it is expected that the demand for increased motor efficiency will further increase [5][6][7].…”

Assessing Energy Efficiency and Power Quality Impacts Due to High-Efficiency Motors Operating Under Nonideal Energy Supply

“…Harmonics impacts not only depend on their magnitudes and orders in the electrical supply waveform but also on the type of load connected. Voltage harmonic distortion in the motor supply leads to additional harmonic losses in the rotor and stator, torque reduction, noise, slippage, and mechanical vibrations, all of which contribute to the increase in the motor's internal temperature, particularly in the windings and core of the stator [15], [20]- [23].…”

“…The simulation and validation have also been presented in [36], [37], where it is observed how the presence of voltage unbalance results in increases in losses and consequently a reduction in the useful life of the motor. The impact of voltage unbalance and harmonics in the electrical power systems and equipment has been presented in [20], [21], [38]- [40], where equipment malfunction, temperature increases, and reduction of useful life are the most considerable impacts, while those related to the impacts on power quality have been presented in [15], [16], [38].…”

Analysis of influencing factors affecting the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors

“…Проведенный анализ работ [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] по исследованию работоспособности и качеству функционирования АД в различных режимах его работы, при разнообразных внешних воздействиях показывает, что в процессе эксплуатации на срок службы АД значительное влияние оказывают: качество питающего напряжения (более 60% отказов), вибрация, температура и влажность окружающего воздуха (более 20% отказов), загрузка электродвигателя.…”