Volcanology of the Southwestern sector of Vesuvius volcano, Italy

Paolillo, Annarita; Principe, Claudia; Bisson, Marina; Gianardi, Roberto; Giordano, Daniele; Felice, Sonia La

doi:10.1080/17445647.2016.1234982

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In Tadini et al [], a detailed reconstruction of vent locations in past events is presented, together with an assessment of sources of associated spatial uncertainties. For instance, it is now established that, especially over the last 2 ka, many volcanic vents opened outside the boundary of the present SV caldera [ Santacroce and Sbrana , ; Principe et al , ; Tadini et al , ], mainly on the western and southern flanks [ Acocella et al , ; Paolillo et al , ]. In these cases, however, volcanic activity involved just effusive lava emissions or small‐scale explosive eruptions from parasitic vents (e.g., Strombolian to Violent Strombolian events [ Cioni et al , ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 2. Probability maps of the caldera for a future Plinian/sub‐Plinian event with uncertainty quantification

et al. 2017

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In this study, we combine reconstructions of volcanological data sets and inputs from a structured expert judgment to produce a first long‐term probability map for vent opening location for the next Plinian or sub‐Plinian eruption of Somma‐Vesuvio. In the past, the volcano has exhibited significant spatial variability in vent location; this can exert a significant control on where hazards materialize (particularly of pyroclastic density currents). The new vent opening probability mapping has been performed through (i) development of spatial probability density maps with Gaussian kernel functions for different data sets and (ii) weighted linear combination of these spatial density maps. The epistemic uncertainties affecting these data sets were quantified explicitly with expert judgments and implemented following a doubly stochastic approach. Various elicitation pooling metrics and subgroupings of experts and target questions were tested to evaluate the robustness of outcomes. Our findings indicate that (a) Somma‐Vesuvio vent opening probabilities are distributed inside the whole caldera, with a peak corresponding to the area of the present crater, but with more than 50% probability that the next vent could open elsewhere within the caldera; (b) there is a mean probability of about 30% that the next vent will open west of the present edifice; (c) there is a mean probability of about 9.5% that the next medium‐large eruption will enlarge the present Somma‐Vesuvio caldera, and (d) there is a nonnegligible probability (mean value of 6–10%) that the next Plinian or sub‐Plinian eruption will have its initial vent opening outside the present Somma‐Vesuvio caldera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 2. Probability maps of the caldera for a future Plinian/sub‐Plinian event with uncertainty quantification

et al. 2017

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“…Concentrated pyroclastic density currents (pyroclastic flows) entered the valleys of the southern portion of the volcano and spread through the foothill areas into the sea (Fig. 1a) [13,17]. The pyroclastic flows are up to 8 m thick, unwelded, massive and ash-rich, characterised by notable amounts of lava lithic clasts, clinopyroxene adcumulates, skarn fragments, and marls.…”

Section: The 1631 Ad Eruption and Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both in middle ages and in modern times, Vesuvius issued olivine-bearing lavas during intra-Plinian activity by vents aligned WSW-ENE on the southern flank of the volcano [2,17]. These Vesuvius phonolitic basanites (Table 2a and 2b) are here considered to have a primitive magmatic composition (i.e., the Vesuvius parental melts).…”

Section: Petrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma evolution inside the 1631 Vesuvius magma chamber and eruption triggering

et al. 2017

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Vesuvius is a high-risk volcano and the 1631 Plinian eruption is a reference event for the next episode of explosive unrest. A complete stratigraphic and petrographic description of 1631 pyroclastics is given in this study. During the 1631 eruption a phonolite was firstly erupted followed by a tephritic phonolite and finally a phonolitic tephrite, indicating a layered magma chamber. We suggest that phonolitic basanite is a good candidate to be the primitive parental-melt of the 1631 eruption. Composition of apatite from the 1631 pyroclastics is different from those of CO 2 -rich melts indicating negligible CO 2 content during magma evolution. Cross checking calculations, using PETROGRAPH and PELE software, accounts for multistage evolution up to phonolite starting from a phonolitic basanite melt similar to the Vesuvius medieval lavas. The model implies crystal settling of clinopyroxene and olivine at 6 kbar and 1220 ∘ C, clinopyroxene plus leucite at a pressure ranging from 2.5 to 0.5 kbar and temperature ranging from 1140 to 940 ∘ C. Inside the phonolitic magma chamber K-feldspar and leucite would coexist at a temperature ranging from from 940 to 840 ∘ C and at a pressure ranging from 2.5 to 0.5 kbar. Thus crystal fractionation is certainly a necessary and probably a sufficient condition to evolve the melt from phono tephritic to phonolitic in the 1631 magma chamber. We speculate that phonolitic tephrite magma refilling from deeper levels destabilised the chamber and triggered the eruption, as testified by the seismic precursor phenomena before 1631 unrest.

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“…This activity, started in AD 512, and lasted at least up to XII century. Lava flows vented from inside the caldera first overpassed the southern (and lower altitude) rim of the caldera approximately during the XI century activity, invading the southern and then the western slopes of the volcano (Paolillo et al, 2016;Principe et al, 2004). An important effusive activity possibly also accompanied the VI to X century explosive activity, being confined inside the caldera and not evident on the outer slopes of the volcano.…”

Section: Phase 3: Post-caldera Activity (Ad 472 -Ad 1631)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 1:50,000 scale Sheets Ercolano and Sorrento (Servizio Geologico d'Italia, in press). More recently, a geological map of a limited area in the southwestern sector of the volcano, dominated by the products of the most recent period of activity of the volcano, was published by Paolillo et al (2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic evolution of the Somma-Vesuvius Complex (Italy)

et al. 2020

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A volcanological map of the active Somma-Vesuvius volcano is presented at the 1:20,000 scale. The map is based on 1:5000 field mapping carried out during the Italian CARG project. Geological data are represented on a digital terrain model of the volcano. This allows a better visualisation of the main morphological, volcanic, and geological features. The legend is organised in four different panels, which depict the activity of the volcano and caldera development. The geological survey is based on recognition and description of lithostratigraphic units. The geological map highlights the volcanic evolution of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, and it is propaedeutic for further studies aimed at improving the scientific knowledge and the volcanic hazard assessment of this world-famous volcano.

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Volcanology of the Southwestern sector of Vesuvius volcano, Italy

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 2. Probability maps of the caldera for a future Plinian/sub‐Plinian event with uncertainty quantification

Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 2. Probability maps of the caldera for a future Plinian/sub‐Plinian event with uncertainty quantification

Magma evolution inside the 1631 Vesuvius magma chamber and eruption triggering

Volcanic evolution of the Somma-Vesuvius Complex (Italy)

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