Volcano–tectonic interactions as triggers of volcanic eruptions

Abstract

Surface displacements and edifice deformations at active volcanoes can occur when magma reservoirs begin to inflate as new magma enters them. Volcanoes are also subjected to a variety of external lithospheric stresses that are thought to be responsible for triggering volcanic unrest or modifying ongoing activity. However, despite many observations, it is uncertain whether these phenomena can actually interfere with magma chamber dynamics since it is not clear why some volcanoes are more subjected to these interactions than others. In order to determine whether external stresses interfere with volcanic activity, a viscoelastic 3D Finite Element Mogi-based model of Kīlauea volcano's magma chamber was implemented. First, the model was used to replicate an inflation cycle without external stresses. Its results were then compared with the ones obtained if the same model was subjected to tidal stress modulation and a strong (Mw = 7.7) tectonic earthquake. The model showed that tidally-induced pressurization is not sufficiently large to modify the pressure in a 5 km deep volcanic magma chamber, but it suggested how the magma chamber pressure build-up rate can be influenced by tidal pressurization and thus why some volcanoes seem to experience tidal interferences more than others. Furthermore, the model's results suggested why magma chambers are about the same size as calderas both on the Earth and on other Solar System silicate planets. System. Finally, it was used to propose an explanation of why a short-lived eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, began 30 minutes after the 1975 magnitude 7.7 (Mw) Kalapana earthquake.

Volcano‐Tectonic Activity at Deception Island Volcano Following a Seismic Swarm in the Bransfield Rift (2014–2015)

“…Triggering is not always immediate, and time delays of hours to days are common (Brodsky & van der Elst, 2014;Freed, 2005). In certain situations, these pressure variations might drive volcanic activity, including seismic swarms, enhanced gas emissions, thermal anomalies, deformation, and even volcanic eruptions (Aiken & Peng, 2014;Bonali, 2013;Bonali et al, 2013;Gabrieli et al, 2015;Harris & Ripepe, 2007;Hill et al, 2002;Johnston et al, 2004;Lemarchand & Grasso, 2007;Linde & Sacks, 1998;Manga & Brodsky, 2006;Marzocchi, 2002;Nishimura, 2017;Walter et al, 2007Walter et al, , 2009. In certain situations, these pressure variations might drive volcanic activity, including seismic swarms, enhanced gas emissions, thermal anomalies, deformation, and even volcanic eruptions (Aiken & Peng, 2014;Bonali, 2013;Bonali et al, 2013;Gabrieli et al, 2015;Harris & Ripepe, 2007;Hill et al, 2002;Johnston et al, 2004;Lemarchand & Grasso, 2007;Linde & Sacks, 1998;Manga & Brodsky, 2006;Marzocchi, 2002;Nishimura, 2017;Walter et al, 2007Walter et al, , 2009.…”

“…Similarly, static and dynamic strains produced by earthquakes can induce pressure changes in distant magma bodies. In certain situations, these pressure variations might drive volcanic activity, including seismic swarms, enhanced gas emissions, thermal anomalies, deformation, and even volcanic eruptions (Aiken & Peng, 2014;Bonali, 2013;Bonali et al, 2013;Gabrieli et al, 2015;Harris & Ripepe, 2007;Hill et al, 2002;Johnston et al, 2004;Lemarchand & Grasso, 2007;Linde & Sacks, 1998;Manga & Brodsky, 2006;Marzocchi, 2002;Nishimura, 2017;Walter et al, 2007Walter et al, , 2009. For earthquake-volcano interactions, longer time delays are reported, ranging up to several years (Marzocchi, 2002;Nishimura, 2017).…”

Sensitivity to lunar cycles prior to the 2007 eruption of Ruapehu volcano

“…The same correlation with spring tides was reported for Kilauea (Hawai’i, US), Fuego (Guatemala), Ngauruhoe (New Zealand), and Mayon (Philippines) volcanoes 25 – 28 . On the other hand, fortnightly tidal modulation does not apparently affect the onset of eruptions at Mauna Loa 25 , 29 (Hawai’i).…”

Analysing stress field conditions of the Colima Volcanic Complex (Mexico) by integrating finite-element modelling (FEM) simulations and geological data

“…, 1999). Despite LISA originally being used for structural analysis (Rao, 1989(Rao, , 2013, it successfully predicts the stress-strain behaviour of rock masses in elastic models, in particular the deformation mechanisms, even in layered rock masses (Gabrieli et al, 2015).…”