Volcanic hazards in Auckland, New Zealand: a preliminary assessment of the threat posed by central North Island silicic volcanism based on the Quaternary tephrostratigraphical record

Newnham, Rewi M.; Lowe, David J.; Alloway, Brent V.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.161.01.04

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Rotoma Tephra was previously identified in the Auckland region by Newnham & Lowe (1991) and Newnham et al (1999).…”

Section: Rotoma Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one other Mayor Island tephra is known from North Island sequences, dated at c. 14 000 14 C yr and found only rarely in the Waikato region (Lowe 1988b). Tuhua Tephra has previously been identified in the Auckland region in Lakes Waiatarua and Kohuora by Newnham & Lowe (1991) and Newnham et al (1999).…”

Section: Tuhua Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those with overlapping fields are separated stratigraphically and therefore represent separate events. However, T42 and T45, Table 5 Comparison between Pukaki Crater core, Lake Waiatarua/Kohuora (Newham &Lowe 1991; Newnham et al 1999), Waikato (Lowe 1988;Lowe et al 1999), Taranaki (Alloway et al 1995), and Tongariro (Donoghue et al 1995) regions between c. 6950 and 28 000 cal yr BP (c. 6000 -23 000 14 C yr). * and + indicate tephra identified in Taranaki (Tk) and Tongariro (Tg) regions, respectively.…”

Section: Basaltic Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few lake or swamp cores containing continuous sequences extending back to 28 000 cal yr have been sampled. Most core work has been carried out in the Waikato region where the lake records are post-18 000 14 C yr (Lowe 1988b), but very little work on tephra dispersal north of the Waikato region has been published (Lowe 1988a;Newnham & Lowe 1991;Newnham et al 1999). In addition, the chronology and glass chemistry of the Quaternary Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF) basaltic tephra is very poorly understood and has received little attention (Grant-Taylor & Rafter 1963, 1971Searle 1965;McDougall et al 1969;Robertson 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 28 000–6600 cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a paleolake, Auckland, New Zealand

Sandiford

Alloway

Shane

2001

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

105

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A 52.5 m core was extracted from Pukaki Crater, an infilled basaltic explosion crater in the Auckland Volcanic Field, for detailed tephra and palynological analysis. The core consists of a lower 6 m of finely laminated lacustrine sediments representing the interval c. 28 000-6600 cal yr overlain by 46.5 m of homogeneous marine silts deposited between c. 7600 and 6600 cal yr. Favourable conditions have preserved at least 40 tephra layers in the sediments. These have been derived from one local and five distal sources and were deposited within the crater lake between c. 28 000 and c. 7600 cal yr. The tephra beds were identified by stratigraphic position, geochemical analyses, and ferromagnesian mineral assemblage. This tephrostratigraphic framework is underpinned by three distinctive tephra beds, namely Tuhua (c. 6950 cal yr), Rotoma (c. 9500 cal yr), and Kawakawa (c. 26 500 cal yr).Of the 40 tephra beds, 7 are sourced from the rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (Mamaku c. 8200 cal yr; Rotoma c. 9500 cal yr; Waiohau c. 13 800 cal yr; Rotorua c. 15 800 cal yr; Rerewhakaaitu c. 17 700 cal yr; Okareka c. 21 400 cal yr; Te Rere c. 25 000 cal yr), 3 from the rhyolitic Taupo Volcanic Centre (Opepe c. 10 200 cal yr; Kawakawa c. 26 500 cal yr; Poihipi c. 27 500 cal yr), 5 from the andesitic Tongariro Volcanic Centre, 14 from the andesitic Taranaki Volcano, 1 from Mayor Island (Tuhua c. 6950 cal yr), and 8 from the basaltic Auckland Volcanic Field. In addition, two previously unidentified rhyolitic tephra (c. 17 100 cal yr and c. 20 720 cal yr) are recorded.The occurrence of numerous andesitic and rhyolitic tephra beds in the Auckland region extends the known dispersal of the units and has implications for the assessment

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“…Rotoma Tephra was previously identified in the Auckland region by Newnham & Lowe (1991) and Newnham et al (1999).…”

Section: Rotoma Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tuhua Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basaltic Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 28 000–6600 cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a paleolake, Auckland, New Zealand

Sandiford

Alloway

Shane

2001

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

105

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“…Various lines of evidence concur in showing that a long-term Holocene trend towards a drier climate in the North Island intensified c. 3000-2000 I4 C yr B.P. (Green & Lowe 1985;Dodson et al 1988;Enright et al 1988;Kershaw & Strickland 1988;de Lange 1989;Newnham et al 1989;Rogers & McGlone 1989;Elliot et al 1998). McGlone et al (1992) concluded that greater climatic variability associated with increased amplitude of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) commenced between 5000 I4 C yr B.P.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Late Quaternary palynological and sedimentological record from two coastal swamps at southern Kaitoke, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand.

Horrocks

Ogden

Nichol

et al. 2000

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Vegetation and climate of Auckland, New Zealand, since ca. 32 000 cal. yr ago: support for an extended LGM

Newnham

Lowe

Giles³

et al. 2007

J Quaternary Science

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Auckland occupies a climatically sensitive position close to a major biogeographic boundary in the southern mid‐latitudes. A new pollen record from Kohuora maar crater, Auckland, displays vegetation and climatic changes for the past ca. 32 000 years. Of particular interest are the inferred climatic patterns for the first part of the interval, encompassing the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Kohuora record corresponds closely with pollen records from other Auckland sites indicating that the patterns observed are at least regional in extent. It is also broadly consistent with a variety of palaeoenvironmental evidence from across New Zealand, including the glacial record from Westland, other palynological records from North Island, other palaeoecological records from the South Island, and aeolian quartz sequences from western North Island. These records show that glacial conditions prevailed across most, if not all, of New Zealand during the interval ca. 29–19 k cal. yr BP, longer and earlier than the LGM sensu stricto. We suggest that the term extended LGM (eLGM) may be more appropriate for the New Zealand region. Within this predominantly cold interval, the Auckland pollen records indicate a climatic amelioration for the interval ca. 26–24 k cal. yr BP, also consistent with other palaeocological data from Canterbury, that fall within a period of climate amelioration recognised between the first two eLGM glacial advances in Westland. We refer to this warming interval as the eLGM Interstadial. The ca. 27 k cal. yr BP Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra is instrumental in most of these inter‐site comparisons and occurs after the first peak of eLGM cooling in a short‐lived comparatively mild phase. A subsequent return to apparently colder climate in the Auckland records may indicate a volcanic cooling effect or, more likely, widespread landscape disturbance following this major eruption event. Strong correspondence between biotic responses, glacial fluctuations and aeolian quartz deposition linked to major shifts in strength and latitudinal extent of the southern westerlies suggest that both the eLGM and eLGM Interstadial may be more widely registered, at least across the Southern Ocean. Support for this assertion comes from parallel investigations in western and southernmost South America and isotopic and palaeoecological records from Southern Ocean marine cores. Recent reconstructions of the globally averaged ice‐equivalent sea‐level history are in line with this evidence from the Southern Hemisphere, suggesting that the eLGM may have a global registration. In light of these observations, we suggest a re‐examination of the defined timing of the LGM along with renewed effort to establish climatic patterns during this period and understand their causes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Volcanic hazards in Auckland, New Zealand: a preliminary assessment of the threat posed by central North Island silicic volcanism based on the Quaternary tephrostratigraphical record

Abstract: The City of Auckland (population c.

Cited by 42 publications

References 67 publications

A 28 000–6600 cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a paleolake, Auckland, New Zealand

A 28 000–6600 cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a paleolake, Auckland, New Zealand

A Late Quaternary palynological and sedimentological record from two coastal swamps at southern Kaitoke, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand.

Vegetation and climate of Auckland, New Zealand, since ca. 32 000 cal. yr ago: support for an extended LGM

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