Volatilitas dan Transmisi Harga Cabai Merah Keriting pada Pasar Vertikal di Provinsi Bengkulu

Abstract

<strong>English</strong><br />Red chili is a commodity of high value for farmers and a significant contribution to general price inflation in aggregate economy. The impacts on farmers’ income and national inflation are related to the chili price volatility due to harvest seasonality. The objective of the study is to analyze curly red chili price volatility and price formation at producers’, wholesales’ and consumers’ market levels. The data used is secondary data of monthly chili prices in Rejang Lebong Regency, the chili production center in Bengkulu, from 2007 to 2017. The price volatility was analyzed using the ARCH-GARCH method and the price transmission was analyzed using the ECM (Error Correction Model) method. The results showed that the price volatilities were high at producers’ and wholesales’ levels but low at consumer level. The price formation at producer level is primarily determined by price at wholesales’ level that contributes 71% and at consumers’ level that contributes 16%. The short run adjustment coefficient toward long run equilibrium is -0.5849. The appropriate strategy to stabilize the curly red chili price at both producers’ and consumers’ levels in Bengkulu is combination of controlling the price at distributors’ level policy and expanding and stabilizing production policy.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Cabai merah adalah komoditas bernilai ekonomis tinggi bagi petani dan penyumbang nyata inflasi harga umum secara agregat. Dampak terhadap pendapatan petani maupun inflasi terutama berkaitan dengan harga cabai yang amat fluktuatif sebagai akibat dari panen musiman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis volatilitas dan pembentukan harga cabai merah keriting di tingkat produsen, grosir, dan konsumen. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder bulanan harga cabai merah keriting di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, sentra produksi cabai di Provinsi Bengkulu, pada tahun 2007–2017. Volatilitas harga dianalisis dengan metode ARCH-GARCH sedangkan transmisi harga dianalisis dengan metode ECM (<em>Error Correction Model</em>). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas harga di tingkat produsen dan grosir tergolong tinggi sedangkan di tingkat konsumen tergolong rendah. Pasar grosir adalah pemimpin pasar dan pembentuk harga di tingkat produsen maupun konsumen. Faktor utama pembentuk harga cabai di tingkat produsen adalah harga di tingkat grosir sebesar 71% dan harga di tingkat konsumen sebesar 16%. Koefisien penyesuaian harga dalam jangka pendek menuju keseimbangan jangka panjang adalah -0,5849. Strategi yang tepat untuk stabilisasi harga cabai merah keriting baik di tingkat produsen maupun di tingkat konsumen di Provinsi Bengkulu ialah kombinasi kebijakan mengendalikan harga di tingkat grosir dan kebijakan peningkatan dan stabilisasi produksi.

Fluctuations and trends in the prices of red chilies and cayenne peppers in the traditional markets of Makassar City

“…Red chili peppers are a high-value product for farmers and a significant contributor to overall price inflation. The impact on farmers' income and inflation is primarily due to varying chile prices caused by seasonal harvests [20]. The findings of the comparison of chili commodity prices are shown in Table 3 In both Pabaeng-baeng Market and Daya Market, the price of red cayenne pepper is much higher than the price of large red chili and curly chili.…”

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“…For agricultural product, price volatility is a significant feature (Camara, 2013;Mustapha and Richard, 2013;Kaminski et al, 2016). In term of price volatility of agricultural products, several studies have been conducted among others by Miftahuljanah et al (2020) on curly red chili price, and Singvejsakul et al (2021) on cassava chips. Another important price behavior analysis is price rigidity.…”