Volatiles released by damaged leaves of Piper mollicomum (Piperaceae) act as cues for predaceous wasps: evidence using plasticine dummies as herbivore model

Vieira, Edson A.; Arruda, Rafael; Massuda, Kamila Ferreira; Cardoso‐Gustavson, Poliana; Guimarães, Elsie Franklin; Trigo, José Roberto

doi:10.1007/s11829-019-09695-y

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Terpene volatiles are also utilized by predators and parasitoids in prey location (Schnee et al, 2006; Vieira et al, 2019; Vuorinen et al, 2004) and may explain the predator abundance trends in our treatments. In the high‐frequency diculture, higher‐emitting commercial plants are separated by lower‐emitting reduced terpene plants, whereas in the low‐frequency diculture, higher‐emitting plants are more clumped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging

Hauri

Glassmire

Randall

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Variability in plant traits such as nutrients and defences can challenge insect herbivores searching for a host plant. Cultivar mixtures are designed to harness this variability to reduce herbivore damage in agroecosystems but have had mixed success.2. We examine how the spatial frequency of plant trait variability-a fundamental but rarely examined feature of variability-influences insect foraging and survival. We released a generalist herbivore into monocultures of two chemically distinct tomato varieties or dicultures of the two varieties with two spatial frequencies of chemical diversity and tracked herbivore movement and feeding damage.3. We found the pattern of herbivore feeding damage was more spatially concentrated in both diculture treatments than in either monoculture, indicating that the presence of chemical diversity, regardless of its spatial frequency, influences herbivore foraging. 4. In contrast, total amount of feeding damage was reduced by 25% in dicultures where genotypes were grouped compared to monocultures or dicultures with alternating genotypes, which had similar levels of damage. 5. Similarly, herbivore survival in the low-frequency diculture was nearly half the survival in the high-frequency diculture or monocultures. Synthesis and applications. Whereas previous work investigates how the amount of chemical diversity in a plant population influences insect ecology, our resultsindicate that local spatial distribution of diversity is equally important. A key implication of this work is the potential to design cultivar mixtures spatially, at the movement scale of target organisms, to create more effective pest management landscapes and promote sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging

Hauri

Glassmire

Randall

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…maculiventris preferentially feeds on larger prey (DeClercq and Degheele 1994), so lower average pupal masses may indicate contexts in which predators were foraging more successfully. The altered terpene chemotype releases a lower abundance of sesquiterpenes than the commercial, and terpenes are often used by natural enemies to locate prey (Vuorinen et al 2004, Schnee et al 2006, Vieira et al 2019). Locating prey might be more difficult in an odor environment where different plants are signaling different information about herbivore presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical diversity rather than cultivar diversity predicts natural enemy control of herbivore pests

Hauri

Glassmire

Wetzel

2021

Ecological Applications

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Cultivar mixtures have been studied for decades as a means for pest suppression. The literature, however, shows a large variability in outcomes, suggesting that we are unable to create mixtures that consistently suppress insect pests and attract natural enemies. A key gap in our understanding of how cultivar mixtures influence pest control is that few studies have examined the plant traits or mechanisms by which cultivar diversity affects pests and their interactions with natural enemies. The diversity of plant chemistry in a cultivar mixture is one trait dimension that is likely influential for insect ecology because chemical traits alter how predators and herbivores forage and interact. To understand how plant chemical diversity influences herbivores and their interactions with predators, we fully crossed predator presence or absence with monocultures, bicultures, and tricultures of three chemotypes of tomato that differed in odor diversity (terpenes) or surface chemistry (acyl sugars) in a caged field experiment. We found that the direct effects of plant chemotype diversity on herbivore performance were strongest in bicultures and depended on herbivore sex, and these effects typically acted through growth rather than survival. The effects of chemotype diversity on top-down pest suppression by natural enemies differed between classes of chemical diversity. Odor diversity (terpenes) interfered with the ability of predators to hunt effectively, whereas diversity in surface chemistry (acyl sugars) did not. Our results suggest that phytochemical diversity can contribute to pest suppression in agroecosystems, but that implementing it will require engineering cultivar mixtures using trait-based approaches that account for the biology of the pests and natural enemies in the system.

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“…The second most common type of impression was paired marks, which were observed when the models were exposed to carabids, formicids, anisolabidids, and labidurids. This result is consistent with previous studies in which paired marks were associated with chewing marks produced by predaceous arthropods (Howe et al, 2009; Greenop et al, 2019; Vieira et al, 2019). Impressions such as pricks and dents were associated with multiple predators; however, it is unclear whether these marks can be reliably used to identify specific arthropod groups in field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of impressions created by turfgrass arthropods on clay models

Khan

Joseph

2020

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Lepidopteran pests such as fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), and black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (both Noctuidae), are serious problems of turfgrass (Poaceae) in the USA. Several predators in turfgrass systems attack lepidopteran larvae; however, their predaceous activity is rarely recorded, as they leave hardly any evidence. Predaceous activity can be studied using clay models, an approach still rarely employed in turfgrass. Thus, assays were conducted to determine the types of impressions that common turfgrass arthropods leave on clay models simulating lepidopteran larvae. Nine impression types were characterized after exposing 16 arthropod taxa in enclosed arenas in the laboratory and one taxon in the field to two sizes of clay models, including scratches, paired marks, pricks, deep distortions, disturbed surfaces, detached segments, granulated surfaces, dents, and elongated scratches. Most arthropods produced scratches and paired marks, whereas granulated surfaces and elongated scratches were produced by only a few of the selected arthropods. To ensure that the impressions were correctly identified, non-expert volunteers reviewed the impressions, and they were accurately identified in >85% of the responses. Video recordings of arthropod interactions were captured to determine the behavior of the arthropods during their first interaction with the clay models. Most arthropods first interacted with the terminal rather than the middle regions of the models. There were no differences between their interactions with the large or small models, and they used their mouthparts as often as their legs. Knowledge of the impression types caused by common arthropods will improve the utilization of the clay model technique for field studies in turfgrass. This could contribute to improved management of natural enemies as part of an integrated pest management approach.

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Volatiles released by damaged leaves of Piper mollicomum (Piperaceae) act as cues for predaceous wasps: evidence using plasticine dummies as herbivore model

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging

Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging

Chemical diversity rather than cultivar diversity predicts natural enemy control of herbivore pests

Characterization of impressions created by turfgrass arthropods on clay models

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