Volatile organic compounds up to C20 emitted from motor vehicles; measurement methods

Zielińska, Barbara; Sagebiel, John C.; Harshfield, G.; Gertler, Alan W.; Pierson, William R.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00116-6

Cited by 146 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is shown that the concentration ratios for BTEX compounds measured at every monitoring station bear some resemblance to the ratios reported in the roadside study. The concentration ratios of the BTEX compounds--benzene/ethylbenzene (2.26-2.88), toluene/ ethylbenzene (3.62-5.63), o,m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene (4.32-5.97)--reported by other roadside studies and dynamometer studies (Zweidinger et al, 1988;Westerholm et al, 1996;Zielinska et al, 1996;Staehelin et al, 1998) are also comparable with the values in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States

2002

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Importance of this paper: Air pollution in urban locations contains many components that originate from a wide range of industrial, motor vehicle, and natural emissions sources. Some of these components include compounds known or suspected to be carcinogenic, and some of them play important roles in atmospheric chemistry such as tropospheric ozone pollution and stratospheric ozone depletion. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the composition, magnitude, and the distribution of urban air pollution through extensive ambient air monitoring and assess the impact of these components on human health and global atmospheric chemistry. AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been determined to be human risk factors in urban environments, as well as primary contributors to the formation of photochemical oxidants. Ambient air quality measurements of 54 VOCs including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and carbonyls were conducted in or near 13 urban locations in the United States during September 1996 to August 1997. Air samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency-approved methods. The target compounds most commonly found were benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene. These aromatic compounds were highly correlated and proportionally related in a manner suggesting that the primary contributors were mobile sources in all the urban locations studied. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons ranged between 1.39 and 11.93 parts per billion, by volume (ppbv). Ambient air levels of halogenated hydrocarbons appeared to exhibit unique spatial variations, and no single factor seemed to explain trends for this group of compounds. The highest halogenated hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 0.24 ppbv for methylene chloride to 1.22 ppbv for chloromethane. At participating urban locations for the year of data considered, levels of carbonyls were higher than the level of the other organic compound groups, suggesting that emissions from motor vehicles and photochemical reactions strongly influence ambient air concentrations of carbonyls. Of the most prevalent carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the dominant compounds, ranging from 1.5-7.4 ppbv for formaldehyde, to 0.8-2.7 ppbv for acetaldehyde. Ó

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States

2002

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“…2 No Nafion (Perma-Pure Products, Inc.) permeable membrane or other moisture-removal device is used prior to concentration because the use of such drying devices results in the loss of certain volatile compounds of interest. It can also introduce contaminants into the system and lower the total NMHC concentration by 10-20%.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 About 10% of the prepared cartridges from each batch are analyzed to verify background carbonyl concentrations. The flow rates (~0.5 L/min) are measured at the beginning and at the end of each sampling period using a calibrated flow controller.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arizona Hazardous Air Pollutants Monitoring Program

Zielińska

Fujita

Sagebiel

et al. 1998

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In order to evaluate the existing risk to public health in Arizona related to hazardous air pollution, ambient air monitoring for selected hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) was carried out in 1994-1996 in several representative urban and rural areas of Arizona. A wide range of organic HAPs was monitored, requiring a variety of sampling and analysis methods. Stainless steel SUMMA canisters were used for collection of volatile hydrocarbons and halocarbons, which were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and electron capture detection (GC-FID/ECD). Carbonyl compounds were collected using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-impregnated cartridges and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Semi-volatile and non-volatile polycyclic aromatic compounds were collected using a sampling train consisting of a filter followed by a PUF/XAD-4/PUF sandwich cartridge. Following extraction, samples were analyzed by capillary GC with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Database software was developed for data processing and reporting functions. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the sampling and analysis methods employed in the monitoring program and presents a summary of all the results obtained during the duration of the sampling program.

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“…Sweet et al (1992), Scheff et al (1993), Kenski et al (1995), Zielinska et al (1996), Gee et al (1998), Mujica et al (1998, Singer et al (1999), Chan et al (2002), Doskey et al (2002), Na et al (2004Na et al ( , 2005.…”

Section: Rela Ción Entre Compuestosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles durante arranques en frío de automóviles ligeros

Mendoza-Domínguez

León-Romero

Caballero-Mata

2010

IIT

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ResumenEl arranque en frío ha sido cata lo gado como uno de los periodos del ciclo de operación de los vehículos, en donde se puede esperar una cantidad impor tante de emisiones de compuestos orgá nicos volá tiles (COVs). En el presente trabajo se reportan los resul tados de dos campañas de moni toreo reali zadas en el Área Metropo li tana de Monte rrey, México, para carac te rizar las emisiones en el escape de 20 auto mó viles de modelo reciente (prefe ren te mente de tipo sedán) durante eventos de arranque en frío. Las mues tras obte nidas fueron sujetas a análisis químico para identi ficar el perfil de COVs en las emisiones gene radas. El análisis químico estuvo centrado en 30 alcanos y aromá ticos en el inter valo C5 a C9. Los resul tados reve laron que las espe cies con mayor concen tra ción fueron: Dime til he xano, 2,2,4-Trime tilpen tano y 2,3,4-Trime til pen tano. Asimismo, se encontró que vehículos que emplean el mismo tipo de gaso lina (Magna o Premium) tienden a tener un perfil químico de emisiones pare cido y esta dís ti ca mente dife rente al otro grupo. El efecto del kilo me traje reco rrido, el año-modelo o la marca del vehículo no fue deter mi nante para este resul tado. Esto implica que el perfil químico de las emisiones obte nidas, es prác ti ca mente una función exclu siva del tipo de gaso lina empleado y no de las condiciones del vehículo. Por otro lado, las rela ciones promedio calcu ladas entre las emisiones de Benceno, Tolueno y Etil ben ceno (T:B-1.9, E:B-0.6 y B:T-1.5) están dentro de los inter valos de refe rencia encon trados en la lite ra tura. Final mente, se clasi fi caron los compuestos emitidos respecto a su reac ti vidad (poten cial de formación de ozono) empleando una escala de concen tra ción propi leno equi va lente. Se

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Volatile organic compounds up to C20 emitted from motor vehicles; measurement methods

Cited by 146 publications

References 19 publications

Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States

Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States

Arizona Hazardous Air Pollutants Monitoring Program

Emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles durante arranques en frío de automóviles ligeros

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