Volatile organic compound identification and characterization by PCA and mapping at a high-technology science park

Lan, Cheng-Hang; Huang, Yatao; Ho, Sheng-Huei; Peng, Chiung-Yu

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.014

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Eleven of these 18 VOC species are specified as HAPs by the US-EPA (1996). Measurements reveal that the three dominant Lu et al (2006) and Tsai et al (2011) Circuit manufacturing, Precision machinery, Organic solvents propane, heptane, acetone, hexane, npentane, acetonitrile, methylene chloride Kuo et al (2007); Civan et al (2011);Huang et al (2012) and Lan et al (2014) species were 2-butanone (8.60 ± 0.98 ppbv), toluene (6.13 ± 1.67 ppbv), and acetone (6.03 ± 2.79 ppbv), while most other species were present at concentrations of below 1.00 ppbv. On average, the most abundant hydrocarbon group was ketones (56.95%), followed by aromatic compounds (27.75%), alkanes (8.33%), fluoroalkanes (3.40%), chloroalkanes (2.47%), and nitrile compounds (1.10%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in a Science Park in Central Taiwan

Cheng

Hsieh

Chen

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air samples were collected concurrently at four sites using stainless steel canisters in a science park in central Taiwan. The airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eighteen volatile organic compounds (C 1 -C 8 ) in six hydrocarbon groups were identified. Measurements reveal that the three dominant species were 2-butanone (8.60 ± 0.98 ppbv), toluene (6.13 ± 1.67 ppbv), and acetone (6.03 ± 2.79 ppbv), while most other species were present at a concentration of below 1.00 ppbv. On average, the most abundant hydrocarbon group was ketones (56.95%), followed by aromatic compounds (27.75%), alkanes (8.33%), fluoroalkanes (3.40%), chloroalkanes (2.47%), and nitrile compounds (1.10%). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two components PC1 and PC2. Ten species in PC1 and eight species in PC2 had loadings of greater than 0.8, suggesting that the emission sources of PC1 were related to high-tech industries and traffic, and those of PC2 were related to fugitive emissions of organic solvents and refrigerants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetone is a widely-used organic solvent in chemical and semiconductor industries (Lu et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2011;Lan et al, 2014). Meanwhile, trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane were related to the emissions from refrigerator factories (Huang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Using Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in a Science Park in Central Taiwan

Cheng

Hsieh

Chen

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…PCA is often used in data dimension reduction to identify a small number of factors that explains most of the variance observed in a much larger number of manifest variables (Guo et al, 2004). In this study, VOC concentrations below the detection limits were replaced with 1/2 MDL, and extract factors with eigen-values greater than one were chosen (Lan et al, 2014). We decided that VOCs with values more than twenty percent below the detection limits were excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)/absolute Principal Componmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

Widiana

Tsai

Wang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Monitoring air quality in the municipal wastewater treatment plants is an initial stage in preventing several problems related to air emissions. This study measured 103 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total VOC (TVOC), and some prominent air pollutants (CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 S, PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 7 , PM 10 , TSP) in the municipal wastewater treatment plant X located in the north of Taiwan. Thirty-three VOCs were identified, which categorized as alkane, aromatic, alkene, ester, ether, haloalkane and ketone. Five dominant factors were determined from principal component analysis (PCA). The first factor involves indoor activities (such as particulate matter resuspension), and outdoor activities (such as vehicles exhausts), which explained 32.42% of total variance. Factor 2 was paint applications and domestic wastewater decomposition, with an explained variance of 17.23%. Factor 3 was solvent use, with an explained variance of 14.26%. Factor 4 was solvent use and road dust, with an explained variance of 8.54%. Factor 5 was a byproduct of the chlorination treatment process, with an explained variance of 6.92%. The five factors explained 79.37% of total variance. By applying absolute principal component scores (APCS), source apportionments were obtained having 35.21%, 26.04%, 16.13%, 7.03%, and 15.59% for factors 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Toluene had the highest ozone formation potential (OFP).

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“…Since source contributions change rapidly with distance from the source in industrial areas with one or more point sources with high VOCs emissions, determining source contributions in one or two locations may not be representative for the whole region. Application of source apportionment techniques to spatially distributed VOCs data is very scarce (Lan et al, 2014;Civan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric VOCs, NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 concentrations at a heavily industrialized region in Western Turkey, and assessment of the carcinogenic risk levels of benzene

Civan

Elbir

Seyfioglu

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sVOCs, NO 2 , SO 2 and O 3 were measured around a densely populated industrial zone. Five separate weekly passive sampling campaigns were conducted at 55 locations. The spatial distribution of pollutants extracted in PMF were used to realize sources. Six factors were identified using a large number of chemical species available. The cancer risk due to benzene inhalation was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ground-level ozone (O 3 ) were measured at 55 locations around a densely populated industrial zone, hosting a petrochemical complex (Petkim), a petroleum refinery (Tupras), ship-dismantling facilities, several iron and steel plants, and a gas-fired power plant. Five passive sampling campaigns were performed covering summer and winter seasons of 2005 and 2007. Elevated concentrations of VOCs, NO 2 and SO 2 around the refinery, petrochemical complex and roads indicated that industrial activities and vehicular emissions are the main sources of these pollutants in the region. Ozone concentrations were low at the industrial zone and settlement areas, but high in rural stations downwind from these sources due to NO distillation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's positive matrix factorization receptor model (EPA PMF) was employed to apportion ambient concentrations of VOCs into six factors, which were associated with emissions sources. Traffic was found to be highest contributor to measured P VOCs concentrations, followed by the Petkim and Tupras. Median cancer risk due to benzene inhalation calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation was approximately 4 per-one-million population, which exceeded the U.S. EPA benchmark of 1 per one million. Petkim, Tupras and traffic emissions were the major sources of cancer risk due to benzene inhalation in the Aliaga airshed. Relative contributions of these two source groups changes significantly from one location to another, demonstrating the limitation of determining source contributions and calculating health risk using data from one or two permanent stations in an industrial area.

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Volatile organic compound identification and characterization by PCA and mapping at a high-technology science park

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in a Science Park in Central Taiwan

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in a Science Park in Central Taiwan

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric VOCs, NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 concentrations at a heavily industrialized region in Western Turkey, and assessment of the carcinogenic risk levels of benzene

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