Volatile Composition of Six Horsetails: Prospects and Perspectives

Abstract

Six horsetails were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Seventy-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including isoprenoid derivatives were detected from these putative natural resources. E. palustre var. americana contained mainly lipidic derivatives, i.e., 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor), (E)-2-hexenoic acid (fruity odor) and (E)-2-hexenal (green odor). Many isoprenoid flavour precursors, i.e., 3-oxo--ionol (spicy odor) and (E,E)-pseudoionone (balsamic odor), as well as odorous benzenic derivatives, i.e, phenylethanal (hyacinth, lilac note) and 2-phenylethanol (rose odor) contributed to the odor of E. arvense. The volatile pattern of E. telmateia is dominated by high amounts of isoprenoids and benzenic derivatives. The complex volatile profiles of E. hyemale and E. ramosissimum are based on ferulic acid isomers, along with either (E)-2-heptenal (green vegetable-like odor) or 4-vinylguaiacol (spicy clove smoky odor) for E. hyemale and E. ramosissimum, respectively. The broad spectrum of E. scirpioides shows the lowest VOC content with high amount of isoprenoids (46.9%), mainly ionone derivatives. Equisetum resources are of great interest as bioactive litter and new potential functional feed ingredients.

The Effect of Botanical Extracts Obtained through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on White Head Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata L.) Seedlings Grown under Controlled Conditions

“…The increase of cabbage roots length treated with plant extracts can be attributed to the presence of phytohormones, for example in knotgrass: abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cis-zeatin (c-Z), trans-zeatin (t-Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZOG), isopentenyladenosine (iPa), isopentenyladenine (iP), which also increase the resistance to the abiotic stress (e.g., high salinity) [78], or in nettle, cytokinins which are root-born phytohormones, transported into the shoot [79]. Additionally, horsetail can be important from the agricultural point of view because is able to synthesize numerous volatiles which exhibit pesticide and/or arthropod repellent properties [42].…”

“…Alkaloids, phytosterols, tannin, tritepenoids, phenolics (flavonoids, styrylpyrones, phenolic acids), aromatic compounds (benzothiazole, homovanillic acid, isovanillin), terpens (linalool, β-caryphyllene), isoprenoid derivatives (α-ionone, (E, Z)-pseudoionone), silicic acid [41][42][43] Common sea-buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides L.…”

Medicinal plants used for cardiovascular diseases in Navarra and their validation from Official sources

“…In reference to ethnopharmacological studies of this plant, it is interesting to point out that the distribution of its use is the same as Potentilla reptans: Andalusia, Aragon, Basque Country, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Catalonia, Navarra, and Region of Murcia in Spain, and Italian Republic and Republic of Turkey (Akerreta, 2009, and references cited therein; Akerreta et al, 2013). The number of scientific references about the composition of Equisetum telmateia are few; it contains essential oils (Fons et al, 2013), various flavonoids and their glycosides, phenolic acid derivates and flavan-3-ol compounds (Correia et al, 2005) with possible antioxidant and medicinal properties.…”

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Equisetum (Equisetaceae): A Narrative Review of the Species with Therapeutic Potential for Kidney Diseases

“…Also, Ganeva et al [53] isolated terpenoids (taraxerol, β-amyrin, germanicol, α-amyrin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, taraxasterone, and ψ-taraxasterone) and some sterols (isobauerenol, epicholestanol, cholesterol, sitosterol, and 28-isofucosterol) from the aerial parts of this species using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this sense, Fons et al [55] investigated the volatile profile of fresh aerial parts of E. arvense, also using GC-MS. e plant contained a great biodiversity of isoprenoid flavor precursors (3-hydroxy-7,8-epoxy-β-ionol, (E,E)-pseudoionone, and 3-oxo-α-ionol), as well as odorous benzenic derivatives (phenylethanal, 2-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde, and homovanillic acid). e hydroalcoholic extract of E. arvense sterile stems was also characterized by Milovanović et al [24].…”