Volatile components of wheat leaves (and stems): possible insect attractants

Buttery, Ron G.; Xu, Cheng-Ji; Ling, Li

doi:10.1021/jf00061a033

Cited by 97 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Plants may in effect reserve the use of these chemical communication substances until they are needed. For example, some plants appear to lack high concentrations of GLVs, but quickly produce them through enzymatic reactions following leaf tissue damage (Saijo & Takeo 1975;Buttery et al 1985). Phytophagous insects also orient to green leaf odors (Visser & Avé 1978;Visser 1983Visser , 1986Liu et al 1988;Mitchell 1988;Dickens 1989;Dickens et al 1990); however, once a plant is under herbivore attack, the advantage of attracting natural enemies may outweigh the disadvantage of attracting additional herbivores.…”

Section: The Function Of Green Leaf Volatiles In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Whitman¹,

Eller

1990

Chemoecology

169

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SummaryUndamaged plants emit low levels of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), while caterpillar-damaged and artificially damaged plants emit relatively higher levels of cerrain GLVs. Female braconid parasitoids, Microplitis croceipes, oriented to both damaged plants and to individual GLVs in no-choice tests in a wind tunnel, but seldom oriented to undamaged plants. Female ichneumonid parasitoids, Netelia heroica, also oriented to individual GLVs in a wind tunnel. Males of both wasp species failed to orient to the GLVs. These data show that leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause the release of GLVs, and that parasitic wasps can respond to these odors by flying upwind (chemoanemotactic response), which brings the wasps to their caterpillar hosts. This supports the hypothesis that plants communicate with members of the third trophic level, i.e., plants under herbivore attack emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies of herbivores to sites of plant damage. In this interaction, the GLVs serve as tritrophic plant-to-parasitoid synomones. That parasitoids from two different wasp families oriented to GLVs suggests that the response may be widespread among the Hymenoptera.

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Section: The Function Of Green Leaf Volatiles In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Whitman¹,

Eller

1990

Chemoecology

169

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“…Volatiles emitted from some forage plants have been collected and analyzed by a variety of experimental procedures. Emission products have been reported for several forage plants, including orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.; Kibe and Kagura, 1976), young oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Buttery et al, 1982Buttery et al, , 1985Andersen, 1984, 1986), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail mayland@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles from Fresh and Air-Dried Vegetative Tissues of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.): Relationship to Cattle Preference

Mayland

Flath

Shewmaker

1997

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Volatiles from fresh and air-dried forage of eight tall fescue cultivars were collected on Tenax-TA adsorbent and then examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/flame ionization detector chromatography (GC/FID). Fifty of 52 compounds emitted from fresh forage and 99 of 103 emitted from hay were identified. The same compounds were common to all cultivars, and quantitative differences, within fresh forage or hay, were not dramatic. Fresh forage yielded 12-32 pg/L of volatiles, while dry forage yielded 0.18-0.47 ug/L. (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate made up 82% of total emissions from fresh forage but only 0.24% from hay. Green-leaf odor compounds made up 11% in fresh forage and 6% in hay. Previously determined grazing preferences by cattle were related positively to 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and negatively to (Z)-3-hexenyl propionate and acetic acid, which together made up <0.2% of volatiles from fresh forage.

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“…Volatile compounds produced by wheat have been collected and identified using techniques ranging from steamdistillation and reduced pressure extraction to collection of entrained volatiles from seedlings starting at the two-leaf stage ( Hamilton-Kemp & Anderson, 1984, 1986Buttery et al , 1985;Batten et al , 1995;Quiroz et al , 1997;Quiroz & Niemeyer, 1998 ) through to the wheat panicles . The characteristic 'green' odour of wheat is due to eight, volatile, 6-carbon aldehydes and alcohols that are metabolized via the lipoxygenase pathway from ␣ -linolenic and linoleic acids ( Hatanaka, 1993 ), although terpenes and other volatile compounds have been reported to be released by wheat as well ( Quiroz & Niemeyer, 1998;Runyon et al , 2006 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses of wheat stem sawflies to wheat volatiles

Piesik

Weaver

Runyon

et al. 2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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Abstract1 Adult wheat stem sawflies Cephus cinctus, pests of cultivated cereals that also infests wild grasses, migrate into wheat fields where they oviposit in elongating, succulent stems.2 Volatiles released by wheat plants at susceptible stages were analyzed to determine potential semiochemical compounds. Seven major compounds were identified and quantified.3 A Y‐tube bioassay was developed to evaluate upwind orientation of adult sawflies in response to an airstream that passed over elongated wheat plants. The bioassay was also conducted with synthetic volatile compounds. The compounds were tested using a range of concentrations spanning those identified in the airstream passing over wheat plants.4 A significant number of adult females were attracted to wheat plants when given a choice of either purified air or the air passing over plants.5 A significant number of female C. cinctus were attracted to (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, β‐ocimene, and (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, but were repelled by 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one. Females did not respond to (E)‐2‐hexenal, or (E)‐2‐hexenyl acetate. The behavioural responses were concentration dependent; the highest tested concentration of (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate was repellent to females of this species.6 Adult males did not discriminate between air passing over wheat plants and air from a purified airstream. Males did not respond to any tested synthetic compound at any concentration.7 The present study demonstrates for the first time that adult females of wheat stem sawfly display innate behaviours in response to synthetic volatiles. These results provide a basis for the potential development of resistant wheat varieties and for the development of semiochemically‐based pest management.

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Volatile components of wheat leaves (and stems): possible insect attractants

Cited by 97 publications

References 1 publication

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Volatiles from Fresh and Air-Dried Vegetative Tissues of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.): Relationship to Cattle Preference

Behavioural responses of wheat stem sawflies to wheat volatiles

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