Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Whitman, Douglas W.; Eller, Fred J.

doi:10.1007/bf01325231

Cited by 169 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, in our pear trees this green-leaf compound is clearly more abundantly released by infested plants and, therefore, using the same line of reasoning (Dicke et al, 1990a), we could have expected the bugs to respond to it, but they appeared not to. Also in cotton, (Z)-3-hexen-l-yl acetate was found to be associated with herbivory (McCall et al, 1994) and here parasitoids actually do respond to this and other green-leaf compounds (Whitman and Eller, 1990). Thus, it is not clear why anthocorids do not respond to the green-leaf compound, but do respond to the other two damage-related volatiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

et al. 1997

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Abstract-Previous work showed that anthocorid predators aggregate around gauze cages containing Psylla-infested trees in a pear orchard. Because anthocorids responded to odor from Psylla-infested leaves in a laboratory test, it was hypothesized that these aggregative responses in the field were triggered by olfaction of compounds associated with Psylla injury. We present chemical analyses of volatiles from damaged and undamaged plants and studies on behavioral responses of anthocorid predators to compounds released by damaged plants. Leaf headspace volatiles from clean and Psylla-infested pear trees were collected on Tenax and identified by GC-MS after thermodesorption. Twelve volatiles were found exclusively in headspace samples from Psyllainfested leaves. Six were present in significantly higher quantities in samples from infested leaves: the monoterpene, (E,E)-a-farnesene, the phenolic, methyl salicylate, and the green leaf compounds, (Z)-3-hexen-l-yl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-l-ol, 1-hexyl-acetate, and l-penten-3-ol. These compounds are known to be produced by plants, and damage by pear psyllids seems to trigger their emission. Blend composition varied and was partly correlated with tree or leaf age and degree of Psylla infestation. To study whether compounds associated with leaf injury elicit olfactory responses in anthocorid predators, apple-extracted (E,E)-a-farnesene, synthetic methyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate were offered in a Y-tube olfactometer to field-collected adult Anthocoris spp. Significant positive responses were found to both the *To whom correspondence should be addressed. m o n o t e r p e n e and the phenolic, but not to the green leaf volatile. The results lend support to the hypothesis that predator attraction to herbivore-infested pear trees is mediated by herbivory-induced plant volatiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

et al. 1997

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“…Odor released after recent damage is important also in attracting naïve C. marginiventris to cotton plants (Cortesero et al, 1997). Several parasitoids orient to individual green leaf volatile compounds in an olfactometer or flight tunnel tests (Whitman and Eller, 1990;Wickremasinghe and Van Emden, 1992;Reddy et al, 2002) or show strong electroantennogram responses to these compounds (Baehrecke et al, 1989;Li et al, 1992). However, there are exceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

Hoballah

Turlings

2005

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-The odor produced by a plant under herbivore attack is often used by parasitic wasps to locate hosts. Any type of surface damage commonly causes plant leaves to release so-called green leaf volatiles, whereas blends of inducible compounds are more specific for herbivore attack and can vary considerably among plant genotypes. We compared the responses of naïve and experienced parasitoids of the species Cotesia marginiventris and Microplitis rufiventris to volatiles from maize leaves with fresh damage (mainly green leaf volatiles) vs. old damage (mainly terpenoids) in a six-arm olfactometer. These braconid wasps are both solitary endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, but differ in geographical origin and host range. In choice experiments with odor blends from maize plants with fresh damage vs. blends from plants with old damage, inexperienced C. marginiventris showed a preference for the volatiles from freshly damaged leaves. No such preference was observed for inexperienced M. rufiventris. After an oviposition experience in hosts feeding on maize plants, C. marginiventris females were more attracted by a mixture of volatiles from fresh and old damage. Apparently, C. marginiventris has an innate preference for the odor of freshly damaged leaves, and this preference shifts in favor of a blend containing a mixture of green leaf volatiles plus terpenoids, after experiencing the latter blend in association with hosts. M. rufiventris responded poorly after experience and preferred fresh damage odors. Possibly, after associative learning, this species uses cues that are more directly related with the host presence, such as volatiles from host feces, which were not present in the odor sources offered in the olfactometer. The results demonstrate the complexity of the use of plant * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ted.

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“…Several authors have suggested that some plants have evolved an indirect rritrophic mechanism of resistance in which they release compounds (synomones) after being fed upon that are attractive to predators or parasites of their herbivores (Turlings et al, 1990;Whitman and Eller, 1990). The plant could gain benefits if their herbivores are not attracted by these same host volatiles.…”

Section: Secondary Plant Compounds and Bark Beetle-tree Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Tree Chemistry Affecting Colonization in Bark Beetles

Byers¹

1995

Chemical Ecology of Insects 2

151

128

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Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Cited by 169 publications

References 56 publications

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

Host-Tree Chemistry Affecting Colonization in Bark Beetles

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