“…Change of the surface is the effect of different pressure between the bubble and surrounding pressure [15]. For the moment, pull on the bubble surface is the effect of the initial liquid slug injection [5]. Both of these work conditions continuously and tend to increase up to the bubble breakup.…”
Section: Results and Angular Momentum Tearing Mechanism Investigationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A submerged nozzle discharges gas by downward jets into a liquid, where penetration length is an important parameter that is used in equipment systems and devices design [5]. The flow rate of gas-injection increases bubble size and decreases liquid velocity also comparatively not correlation with a diameter size of gas injection and the composition of gas [6].…”
Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nozzle was submerged slightly to the underwater level to prevent air entrainment that indicated the penetration depth was proportional to nozzle diameter, gas velocity, and ratio of gas to liquid density. Penetration length of the void generally is influenced by the gas velocity of injection, the injected gas properties, diameter of discharging pipe, and liquid in the container [5]. The size of the bubble is influenced along the injected early steps [6].…”
Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning
Two-phase flow with gas-liquid component is commonly applied in industries, specifically in the refinery process of liquid products. Oil products with bubbles contents are undesirable in a production process. This paper describes an investigation of a process mechanism regarding the bubble breakup of the two-phase injection into quiescent water. The analytical model was developed based on the force mechanism of water flow at the bubble interface. The inertia force of water flow continually pushes the bubble while the drag force resists it. The bubble gets shapes change that affects the hydrodynamic flow around the bubble. Vortices with high energy density impact and make the stress interface over its strength so that the interface gets tear. The experiment was carried out by observing in the middle part of the injected flow. It was found that the forming process of bubble breakup can be explained as the following steps: 1) sweep model is a bubble pushed by the inertial force of water flow. The viscous force of water shears the surface of the bubble. The effect of both forces, the bubble changes its shape. Then trailing vortex starts to appear in near bubble tail. The second flow of water is in around of the bubble to strengthen the vortex energy density that causes fragments to detach from the parent bubble; 2) stretching model, the apparent bubble has high momentum force infiltrated in stagnant water depth and bubble ends are stretched out by the inertial force of the bubble and viscous force of water. The bubble surface has experienced stretching and tearing become splitting away. Based on the finding, the breakup process is highly dependent on the momentum of water flow, which triggers the secondary flow as the initial process of vortex flow, and it causes the tear of the bubble surface due to angular momentum
“…Change of the surface is the effect of different pressure between the bubble and surrounding pressure [15]. For the moment, pull on the bubble surface is the effect of the initial liquid slug injection [5]. Both of these work conditions continuously and tend to increase up to the bubble breakup.…”
Section: Results and Angular Momentum Tearing Mechanism Investigationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A submerged nozzle discharges gas by downward jets into a liquid, where penetration length is an important parameter that is used in equipment systems and devices design [5]. The flow rate of gas-injection increases bubble size and decreases liquid velocity also comparatively not correlation with a diameter size of gas injection and the composition of gas [6].…”
Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nozzle was submerged slightly to the underwater level to prevent air entrainment that indicated the penetration depth was proportional to nozzle diameter, gas velocity, and ratio of gas to liquid density. Penetration length of the void generally is influenced by the gas velocity of injection, the injected gas properties, diameter of discharging pipe, and liquid in the container [5]. The size of the bubble is influenced along the injected early steps [6].…”
Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning
Two-phase flow with gas-liquid component is commonly applied in industries, specifically in the refinery process of liquid products. Oil products with bubbles contents are undesirable in a production process. This paper describes an investigation of a process mechanism regarding the bubble breakup of the two-phase injection into quiescent water. The analytical model was developed based on the force mechanism of water flow at the bubble interface. The inertia force of water flow continually pushes the bubble while the drag force resists it. The bubble gets shapes change that affects the hydrodynamic flow around the bubble. Vortices with high energy density impact and make the stress interface over its strength so that the interface gets tear. The experiment was carried out by observing in the middle part of the injected flow. It was found that the forming process of bubble breakup can be explained as the following steps: 1) sweep model is a bubble pushed by the inertial force of water flow. The viscous force of water shears the surface of the bubble. The effect of both forces, the bubble changes its shape. Then trailing vortex starts to appear in near bubble tail. The second flow of water is in around of the bubble to strengthen the vortex energy density that causes fragments to detach from the parent bubble; 2) stretching model, the apparent bubble has high momentum force infiltrated in stagnant water depth and bubble ends are stretched out by the inertial force of the bubble and viscous force of water. The bubble surface has experienced stretching and tearing become splitting away. Based on the finding, the breakup process is highly dependent on the momentum of water flow, which triggers the secondary flow as the initial process of vortex flow, and it causes the tear of the bubble surface due to angular momentum
“…Another study was also conducted to assess the accuracy of the length of void penetration in blowdown pipes that were submerged in water to force the gas in the containment pool, similar to the case of a gas line [8]. Research was also conducted to study the formation of the bubble following gas injection into turbulent, downward-flowing water, through a submerged pipe in a water pond [9].…”
Section: двофазне впорскування рIдкого газу являє собою важливий промисловий процес який використовується в бIльшостi сепараторIв на раннmentioning
“…Chong et al [9] suggest a theoretical model to predict and compare the steam jet lengths of different structural nozzles based on the expansion and compression waves theory. Many researchers [7], [10]- [14] have developed correlations for nondimensional gas penetration length based on term of modified Froude number. Li et al [15] develop a model where they propose that the gas mixture jet penetration length increases when increasing the inlet pressure and decreases when increasing the air fraction.…”
Direct discharge of a steam into pools with subcooled water is a very efficient way to condense steam. Therefore, steam discharges have been widely applied in the industry because they allow rapid condensation of steam by offering high heat transfer and mass exchange capacity. Many experiments of submerged jets of pure steam and non-condensable gases in pools have been carried out over the last few decades, providing much information of interest, but more studies continue to obtain a wider range of information. In particular, the study of non-condensable gases/steam mixtures is of great interest for the chemical, energy and nuclear industry. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the jet behavior through a series of experiments of air/steam mixtures discharged in a pool with stagnant water. Several tests have been performed by varying parameters, such as the nozzles diameters, mixing percentages, pressures and flow rates. In the current research, the jet behavior is investigated through direct visualization techniques by using a high-speed camera and image processing methods. The images of the jet discharge in the pool have been recorded to determine the interface between the gas mixture and the liquid. To carry out image processing, a MATLAB subroutine consisting of several steps was implemented. Experimental results showed that the nozzle diameter and the percentage of mixing play a significant role in the jet interface and jet pinch-off unsteadiness. The jet penetration length also was strongly influenced by the nozzle diameter and the mixing percentage.
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