Voices from low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of primary healthcare interventions within public health systems addressing intimate partner violence against women

Abstract

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) considerably harms the health, safety and well-being of women. In response, public health systems around the globe have been gradually implementing strategies. In particular, low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been developing innovative interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) addressing the problem. This paper describes a protocol for a systematic review of studies addressing the impacts and outcomes of PHC centre interventions addressing IPV against women from LMIC.Methods and analysisA systematic search for studies will be conducted in African Index Medicus, Africa Portal Digital Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Index Medicus for the Southeast Asia Region, IndMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS), Medecins Sans Frontieres, MEDLINE, Minority Health and Health Equity Archive, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online, (SciELO) and Social Policy and Practice. Studies will be in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2017, addressing IPV against women from LMIC, whose data quantitatively report on the impacts and outcomes for survivors and/or workers and/or public health systems preintervention and postintervention. Two trilingual reviewers will independently screen for study eligibility and data extraction, and a librarian will cross-check for compliance. Risk of bias and quality assessment of studies will be measured according to: (1) the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and (2) the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS). Data will be analysed and summarised using meta-analysis and narrative description of the evidence across studies. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols(PRISMA P) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be based on published studies, thus not requiring ethical approval. Findings will be presented in conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42017069261.

The Association Between the Use of Alcohol, Marijuana and Cocaine and the Sociodemographic Characteristics of University Students of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

“…women. [22][23] The repercussions of these changes may be responsible for the appearance of some mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, and the use of drugs. [20][21] Most of the participating university students reported living with friends and, although this situation was considered a risk factor for drug use when compared to living with their parents, 13,16,18,24 there was no significant difference between these groups.…”

Does intimate partner violence influence the utilization of maternal health services?

“…Various evidences show the miraculous fact that nearly one third of the women aged more than 15 years have had experience of IPV during their lifetime globally but nearly two third in East Asia (10).…”

“…WHO defines IPV as "any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical damage, psychological or sexual abuse to a woman in the relationship, including physical assault, psychological abuse, forced intercourse and other forms of sexual coercion and of controlling behaviours" (10). Similarly, IPV is defined as "physical, psychological and/or sexual violence that occurs between intimate partners (including cohabiting or divorced intimate partners, independent of gender)" (13).…”

Does intimate partner violence influence the utilization of maternal health services?

“…Dramatic evidence shows that nearly one third of women aged 15 years and older have experienced IPV during their lifetime globally, and nearly two-thirds of the women in East Asia have experienced IPV (10). IPV during pregnancy leads to negative consequences not only for the mother but also affects children, general women's health, and the economy (11).…”

“…It is claimed that the cost of IPV is five percent of the total gross domestic product [GDP] (12). WHO defines IPV as "any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical damage, psychological or sexual abuse to a woman in the relationship, including physical assault, psychological abuse, forced intercourse and other forms of sexual coercion and of controlling behaviours" (10). Similarly, IPV is defined as "physical, psychological and/or sexual violence that occurs between intimate partners (including cohabiting or divorced intimate partners, independent of gender)" (13).…”