VLS-growth of carbon nanotubes from the vapor

Kukovitsky, E. F.; L’vov, S.G.; Sainov, N. A.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01299-3

Cited by 176 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is well known that the external size of the carbon nanotubes (external diameter or outer diameter OD) depends upon the size of the catalyst particle [34]. At 973 K, it is expected that nanotubes grow via liquid or liquid-like catalytic particles by extrusion mode, in agreement with the VLS (Vapor, Liquid and Solid) model [31,32]. In that case, the observed universal Gauss-like nanotube diameter distribution is determined through fragmentation mechanisms of liquid particles, leading to metallic particles let inside the carbon nanotubes hollow and the reshaping of the top metallic particle into an anisotropic form.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In addition, it can be clearly seen that highly contrasted metallic particles are distributed throughout the nanotube. This occurrence, as well as the anisotropic shape of the metallic particle on top of the nanotubes, have been explained by melting of the particle followed by pulsed release of fragments of it, in the course of the growth [31,32]. TEM analyses also provide evidence of a better crystallisation of the CNTs and a decrease of the number and the size of the internal CNTs walls with increasing ammonia concentration.…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterization: Sem And Tem Amentioning

confidence: 84%

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GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

Mane¹,

Cojocaru

Barbier

et al. 2007

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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We report a quantitative Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS) study of the alignment of mutually oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown by a catalytically-activated, a plasma direct current and hot filaments-assisted (DC HF CCVD) process. Metallic catalytic (Co) islands were dispersed on plain SiO 2 (5 nm thickness)/Si(100) substrates prior the growth of CNTs which can be considered as highly anisotropic 1D nanostructures. The GISAXS pattern analysis in the framework of the DistortedWave Born Approximation (DWBA) has been expanded to multilayered non-correlated surface science systems (non-correlated carbon nanotubes) and is based on the determination of carbon nanotubes density, characteristic lengths, atomic Co dispersion throughout the CNTs and roughnesses of the uncorrelated particles. Even dominated by envelope features of disordered objects, they provide noticeable information about CNTs films: both structural (orientation, size and length distribution) and correlation (density, mutual alignment) information. The results stand in rather good agreement with the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations. Moreover, the GISAXS patterns could only be satisfactorily reproduced by adding a mixed C -Co contribution between the pure carbon and the metallic cobalt let on top of the CNT, inferring that cobalt continuously fills the nanotube in the course of the growth and that the CNTs experience a large tendency toward mutual alignment. The effect of variable X-ray incidence angles has been investigated. With a weak addition of ammonia (from 1% to 3% of the gas mixture) the density has been found to decrease by more than one order of magnitude.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterization: Sem And Tem Amentioning

confidence: 84%

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

Mane¹,

Cojocaru

Barbier

et al. 2007

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…There are four commonly-used CNTs fabrication techniques: arc discharge [1], laser ablation [6], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [7] and vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method [8]. However, the two latter techniques seem to have certain advantages over the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Hematite-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite

Krajewski

Małolepszy

Stobiński

et al. 2014

J Supercond Nov Magn

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The aim of this work is to study the preparation and characterization of a new nanocomposite which consists of chemically-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes covered by randomly-deposited nanoparticles of hematite. The morphology, structural and physical properties of the investigated nanomaterial were determined by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry at ambient conditions. The presence of residual catalyst nanospheres inside multiwall carbon nanotubes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The signal coming from this contamination was under the detection limit of X-ray diffractometer, therefore it was not registered.

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“…This would, e.g., be the case when the CNT grow through a vapor-liquid-solid process which involves the (partial) melting of the catalyst [43]. Then the interface observed in the microscope would not reflect the CNT growth state and the above drawn conclusion would be invalid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Metal-Carbon Interface in FePt Catalyzed Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2011

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VLS-growth of carbon nanotubes from the vapor

Cited by 176 publications

References 19 publications

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

Preparation and Characterization of Hematite-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite

Understanding the Metal-Carbon Interface in FePt Catalyzed Carbon Nanotubes

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VLS-growth of carbon nanotubes from the vapor

Cited by 176 publications

References 19 publications

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

Preparation and Characterization of Hematite-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite

Understanding the Metal-Carbon Interface in FePt Catalyzed Carbon Nanotubes

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Product

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GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process

GISAXS study of the alignment of oriented carbon nanotubes grown on plain SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a catalytically enhanced CVD process