VLDL-specific increases of fatty acids in autism spectrum disorder correlate with social interaction

Usui, Noriyoshi; Iwata, Koichi; Miyachi, Taishi; Takagai, Shu; Wakusawa, Keisuke; Nara, Takahiro; Tsuchiya, Kenji J.; Matsumoto, Kaori; Kurita, Daisuke; Kameno, Yosuke; Wakuda, Tomoyasu; Takebayashi, Kiyokazu; Iwata, Yasuhide; Fujioka, Toru; Hirai, Tsuneo; Toyoshima, Manabu; Ohnishi, Tetsuo; Toyota, Tomoko; Maekawa, Motoko; Yoshikawa, Takeo; Maekawa, Masato; Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tsujii, Masatsugu; Sugiyama, Toshiro; Mori, Norio; Matsuzaki, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102917

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…The results about the association between ASDs and DHA, AA and EPA serum/plasma levels are summarized in Table 3 , Table 4 , Table 5 and Table 6 , respectively. Finally, lower serum levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and apoprotein B (APOB) were detected in serum of children with ASDs than typical developmental controls [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Esposito

Buoli

Ciappolino

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose pathogenesis seems to be related to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, which leads to disrupted connectivity during brain development. Among the various biomarkers that have been evaluated in the last years, metabolic factors represent a bridge between genetic vulnerability and environmental aspects. In particular, cholesterol homeostasis and circulating fatty acids seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of ASDs, both through the contribute in the stabilization of cell membranes and the modulation of inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available data about the role of cholesterol and fatty acids, mainly long-chain ones, in the onset of ASDs. A bibliographic research on the main databases was performed and 36 studies were included in our review. Most of the studies document a correlation between ASDs and hypocholesterolemia, while the results concerning circulating fatty acids are less univocal. Even though further studies are necessary to confirm the available data, the metabolic biomarkers open to new treatment options such as the modulation of the lipid pattern through the diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Esposito

Buoli

Ciappolino

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Among them, increased levels of O-acetylcarnitine and fatty acids (FAs), such as omega-3 and omega-6, were found, which showed correlations with the clinical diagnosis of ASD. A specific reduction in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration, which was correlated with apoprotein A (APOA), and a reduction in apoprotein B (APOB) in the serum of children with ASD were also found [ 97 ].…”

Section: Role Of Carnitine In the Oxidation Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of L-Carnitine in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kępka

Ochocińska

Chojnowska

et al. 2021

JCM

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L-carnitine plays an important role in the functioning of the central nervous system, and especially in the mitochondrial metabolism of fatty acids. Altered carnitine metabolism, abnormal fatty acid metabolism in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been documented. ASD is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that is usually diagnosed in early childhood. Patients with ASD require careful classification as this heterogeneous clinical category may include patients with an intellectual disability or high functioning, epilepsy, language impairments, or associated Mendelian genetic conditions. L-carnitine participates in the long-chain oxidation of fatty acids in the brain, stimulates acetylcholine synthesis (donor of the acyl groups), stimulates expression of growth-associated protein-43, prevents cell apoptosis and neuron damage and stimulates neurotransmission. Determination of L-carnitine in serum/plasma and analysis of acylcarnitines in a dried blood spot may be useful in ASD diagnosis and treatment. Changes in the acylcarnitine profiles may indicate potential mitochondrial dysfunctions and abnormal fatty acid metabolism in ASD children. L-carnitine deficiency or deregulation of L-carnitine metabolism in ASD is accompanied by disturbances of other metabolic pathways, e.g., Krebs cycle, the activity of respiratory chain complexes, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Supplementation of L-carnitine may be beneficial to alleviate behavioral and cognitive symptoms in ASD patients.

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“…Fourth, we only assessed total, LDL, and HLD cholesterol as biomarkers in this study. There are other possible biomarkers such as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) which has shown the association with autism spectrum disorder ( Usui et al, 2020 ). Further studies are needed to identify other biomarkers of mental health including resilience and self-esteem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels, Resilience, and Self-Esteem in Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study

2021

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Previous studies have found that serum lipid levels independently associate with mental health problems in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between serum lipid levels and positive aspects of mental health such as resilience and self-esteem, which develop in adolescence. The aim of this study is to examine the association between serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem in Japanese adolescents. Data were pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, a school-based, cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 1,056, aged 13–14 years). Resilience of the child was assessed by caregivers, and self-esteem was self-identified via questionnaires. Serum lipid levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] were assessed in school health checkup, in addition to height and weight measurements. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the association between standardized serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem. LDL showed inverse association with resilience [β = −1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.39 to −0.14] after adjusting for child’s BMI, month of birth, sex, absence of parent, household income, caregiver’s mental health, and lifestyle (e.g., habits of eating, physical activity, and sleep). We also found an inverse association of total cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol with self-esteem (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.18; β = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.83 to −0.01, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not associated with resilience and self-esteem. Among Japanese adolescent, total and LDL cholesterol may be biomarkers of resilience and self-esteem.

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VLDL-specific increases of fatty acids in autism spectrum disorder correlate with social interaction

Cited by 32 publications

References 97 publications

The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Potential Role of L-Carnitine in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels, Resilience, and Self-Esteem in Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study

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