Vivência do paciente estomizado: uma contribuição para a assistência de enfermagem

Abstract

RESUMO:O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de conhecer os significados atribuídos a vivência de pacientes estomizados, descrever seus conhecimentos sobre o autocuidado e identificar a importância das orientações de enfermagem para a sua adaptação. Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 10 sujeitos associados ao programa de acompanhamento ao portador de estomia em um Centro de Referência a Estomizados, em Teresina-PI. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram três categorias que abordaram as mudanças no modo de vida do portador de estomia, o conhecimento do estomizado sobre o autocuidado e a orientação no processo de adaptação do portador de estomia. Concluiu-se que a estomia significa alterações no modo de vida e que a atuação da enfermagem através de atividades educativas é indispensável para o desenvolvimento do autocuidado e adaptação dos estomizados. DESCRITORES:Estomia. Autocuidado. Adaptação psicológica. Enfermagem. THE OSTOMY PATIENT'S LIVING EXPERIENCE: A CONTRIBUTION TO NURSING CAREABSTRACT: This project was developed aiming to better understand the meanings attributed to ostomy patients' living experiences, to describe their knowledge of self-care, and to identify the importance of nursing guidelines in their adaptation. This research was qualitative in nature, performed with 10 subjects associated to the ostomy patient care program in a Reference Center for Ostomy Patients in Teresina, PI, Brazil. The data was collected through interviews and submitted to content analysis, from which three categories were obtained which outline the changes to the ostomized patient's way of life, their knowledge about self-care, and the orientation received in the adaptation process after an ostomy. We conclude that the ostomy procedure signifies lifestyle alterations and that nursing care through educational activities is indispensable to develop self-care and satisfactory ostomy adaptation. DESCRIPTORS:Ostomy. Self care. Adaptation psychological. Nursing. LA EXPERIENCIA DEL PACIENTE OSTOMIZADO: UNA CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA RESUMEN:El presente estudio se hizo con el objetivo de conocer los significados que se atribuyen a la experiencia de los pacientes ostomizados, describir sus conocimientos sobre su propio cuidado y determinar la importancia de las orientaciones de la enfermería para su adaptación. Se trata de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, llevada a cabo con diez sujetos asociados al programa de atención a personas con ostomía en un Centro de Referencia para Pacientes Ostomizados, en la ciudad de Teresina-PI. Los datos recolectados por medio de entrevistas se examinaron según el análisis de contenido, dando lugar a tres categorías que abordan los cambios en el modo de vida de la persona con ostomía, el conocimiento del paciente ostomizado sobre su propio cuidado y la orientación sobre el proceso de adaptación de la persona con ostomía. Se concluyó que la ostomía significa un cambio en la forma de vida y ...

Conhecimento do profissional acerca do cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com estomia intestinal e família

“…The biological, sociological and cultural conditions of each individual must be taken into account. 12 It is essential that preparation of the ostomy patients and their relatives begins before the surgery takes place, so that the ostomy is not an unknown entity. This can help remedy the situation and make self-care education easier, including handling of the pouch and care of the skin.…”

“…10 Ostomy patients who were informed about their health situation and were given instructions about self-care preoperatively were better able to accept the stoma and managed to adapt to their new condition. 12 Therefore, nursing professionals must promote self-care in a slow and gradual manner, respecting the patient's situation and getting the family involved early on in the process. These professionals play an essential role in the rehabilitation process, as they work closely with the patient and the family in a complete, personalized and systematic way in order to promote better quality of life.…”

Facilitators of the transition process for the self-care of the person with stoma: subsidies for Nursing

“…The experience of ostomy is a difficult process, permeated by fear, embarrassment, discomfort and doubts, in which the family help is essential to support and empower the person to regain their autonomy, resignify their identity and improve their self-esteem and social reinsertion (25) . Often, family and friends take care of the person with a stoma.…”

“…Most of the time, the family starts performing the stoma care and gradually passes on this task to the person with stoma, in a process of sharing the care actions, respecting their limits and their independence, within their possibilities, a fact that promotes self-esteem and a new autonomous identity (25)(26)(27) . As the family is present in everyday life of people with stoma, their support in coping with the transition, aiming at self-care, is a major condition related to the community, helping to minimize their difficulties.…”

“…This is an important form of motivation to overcome adversities (30) , through which people can see that it is possible to live healthily with the stoma, inserted in the social environment and surrounded by friends (14) . Feeling safe and supported, people with stoma can fully perform self-care, what is important for them (25) .…”