Vitrimer based composite laminates with shape memory alloy Z-pins for repeated healing of impact induced delamination

Konlan, John; Mensah, Patrick; Ibekwe, Samuel; Crosby, Karen; Li, Guoqiang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108324

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The maximum recovery stress is about 13.4 MPa. 26 In the previous study, 21 the impact damaged specimens were healed in an oven, and with an external pressure of 16 MPa, at 150°C for 120 min. In this study, the self-healing was conducted by Joule healing without external pressure.…”

Section: Healing Efficiency Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20] An important development in using metal/polymer composites is the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as both reinforcement and functional devices. Konlan et al 21 studied the effect of embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) z-pins in the transverse direction of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced 1 polymer composite laminates. The z-pins are discrete and distributed in the central area directly under impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A laminated vitrimer composite with strain sensing, delamination self-healing, deicing, and room-temperature shape restoration properties

Konlan

Mensah

Ibekwe

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Laminated multifunctional composites are highly desired in modern lightweight engineering structures. The purpose of this study is to develop a composite laminate with impact tolerance, delamination healing, strain sensing, Joule heating, deicing, and room temperature shape restoration functionalities. In this study, a novel self-healable and recyclable shape memory vitrimer was used as the matrix, unidirectional glass fabric was used as reinforcement, and tension programmed shape memory alloy (SMA) wires were used as z-pins. To provide multifunctionality, the programmed SMA wires were further twisted and formed into sinusoidal shape. Copper wire strands were hooked to the sinusoidal SMA z-pins to make them a closed circuit. Low velocity impact, compression after impact, damage self-healing, deicing, and room temperature shape restoration tests were conducted. The tests result show that the desired multifunctionality of the laminated composite was achieved. The hybrid laminate provides a promising design for lightweight load-carrying engineering structures.

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Section: Healing Efficiency Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laminated vitrimer composite with strain sensing, delamination self-healing, deicing, and room-temperature shape restoration properties

Konlan

Mensah

Ibekwe

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Local damage of fiber‐reinforced composite laminates caused by low‐velocity impact cannot be detected easily and gradually develops into overall failure. [ 120 ] Owing to their satisfactory customizability and mechanical performance, the addition of electrospun nanofibers is a promising technique to enhance fracture toughness. Figure 5 shows a schematic of the composition of a laminate containing nanofibers.…”

Section: Reinforcement Of Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats For Laminatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desired properties and corresponding improvement measures of electrospun nanofibers for membrane distillation, reinforcement, and self‐healing applications

Xia

Peng

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Electrospun nanofibers have promising properties and serve an important role in various applications ranging from biomedical engineering to mechanical engineering. Although electrospun nanofibers are not used worldwide, the limited research conducted thus far provides a rudimentary understanding of nanofibers and explores the potential areas that have attracted attention for commercialization. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the properties of nanofibers in various applications severely limits their functionality. This review provides clear insights into modifying the morphology of nanofibers by adjusting various parameters to meet specific application requirements. Various applications, including membrane distillation, reinforcement, and self‐healing, and the corresponding desired properties are discussed in detail. Approaches for enhancing the application‐specific properties of electrospun nanofibers are also discussed. This discussion provides significant guidance for the design of novel electrospun composites with excellent properties. Finally, the challenges in research and the opportunities for future development are presented.

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“…Extrusion based 3D printing is used to manufacture all the samples using PLA as raw material as shown in Figure 6B. Instron Dynatup 8250 H V impact tester was used to conduct the low velocity impact tests with a hammer weight of 11.2 kg and impact velocity of 2 m/s (Konlan et al, 2020) as shown in Figure 6A. Solidworks is used to design all sandwich structures and ANSYS LS-DYNA was used to conduct the explicit non-linear finite element simulations of the low velocity impact tests.…”

Section: Impact Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Cellular Unit Cells With High Natural Frequency and Energy Absorption Capabilities by an Inverse Machine Learning Framework

et al. 2021

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Cellular materials have been widely used in load carrying lightweight structures. Although lightweight increases natural frequency, low stiffness of cellular structures reduces natural frequency. Designing structures with higher natural frequency can usually avoid resonance. In addition, because of the less amount of materials used in cellular structures, the energy absorption capability usually decreases such as under impact loading. Therefore, designing cellular structures with higher natural frequency and higher energy absorption capability is highly desired. In this study, machine learning and novel inverse design techniques enable to search a huge space of unexplored structural designs. In this study, machine learning regression and Generative Neural Networks (GANs) were used to form an inverse design framework. Optimal cellular unit cells that surpass the performance of biomimetic structures inspired from honeycomb, plant stems and trabecular bone in terms of natural frequency and impact resistance were discovered using machine learning. The discovered optimal cellular unit cells exhibited 30–100% higher natural frequency and 300% higher energy absorption than those of the biomimetic counterparts. The discovered optimal unit cells were validated through experimental and simulation comparisons. The machine learning framework in this study would help in designing load carrying engineering structures with increased natural frequency and enhanced energy absorption capability.

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Vitrimer based composite laminates with shape memory alloy Z-pins for repeated healing of impact induced delamination

Cited by 42 publications

References 44 publications

A laminated vitrimer composite with strain sensing, delamination self-healing, deicing, and room-temperature shape restoration properties

A laminated vitrimer composite with strain sensing, delamination self-healing, deicing, and room-temperature shape restoration properties

Desired properties and corresponding improvement measures of electrospun nanofibers for membrane distillation, reinforcement, and self‐healing applications

Discovery of Cellular Unit Cells With High Natural Frequency and Energy Absorption Capabilities by an Inverse Machine Learning Framework

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