“…140,143,145,146 It was proven that sperm functionality, as measured by acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane function, DNA fragmentation, motility and fertilizability, was similar to or better than conventional slow freezing. 141,142,144,[147][148][149] Clinical efforts have further shown that vitrification of sperm in higher volumes (up to 0.5 mL) can be a practical and effective treatment achieving pregnancies and live births by IVF and intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedures. 141,142,145,147,[150][151][152][153][154] Although kinetic sperm vitrification has been proven effective for over 15 years, 5,147 it has not been met with the same large-scale acceptance and industry application afforded to eggs and embryos.…”