Vitrification of a sodium chromate waste and mechanical properties of a final glass-ceramic

Experiments Using Different Types of Waste to Manufacture Ceramic Materials: Examples on a Laboratory Scale

“…We gathered three samples weighing 5 kg each to complete the experimental development of this research: Sample 1 from contaminated earth or soil from the area around the plant; Sample 2, which is more contaminated and has been confined for years (slags and sludge from 'in situ' storage vaults); and Sample 3 (less toxic), obtained from fragments of concrete from the walls of buildings in the contaminated location. All the samples (Table 2) come from the same venue, 'Cromatos de México' [25][26][27][28][29]. The chemical characterisation of the samples was performed with several analytical techniques: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and establishing their C and S contents through combustion.…”

“…From the chemical composition of these types of waste, we designed and synthesised silicate-type glasses within the following ternary composition system: CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 [25,26]. These formulations required the addition of a silica feldspar-dolomitic gravel to produce calcium silicate glasses and reach compositions similar to those of natural basalt rocks, as it is well known that the latter are very stable glasses in the long term [27][28][29][30]. The mineralogical phases of both the different types of waste and melted glasses were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) through the powder method, using Rigaku Model D max 210 equipment operating at 30 kV and 16 mA, using Kα radiation of Cu (λ = 1.5406 Å) with a 5 • angle of incidence to obtain information on the structure of the polycrystalline or amorphous materials analysed in this study.…”

Vitrification as a method of soil remediation

“…With ). These glasses may be suitable for potential reuse in new products and / or as coating materials with high chemical and mechanical resistance for use in the construction industry [11,15,49,52,56].…”

“…Ballesteros et al [9,11] Kimura et al [67] simulated zeolite waste vitrified into borsilicate glass with the addition of additives H 3 BO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 or Na 2 B 4 O 7 at a melting point of 1100°C to 1300°C for a period of 3 hours. The results showed that the obtained glass products were in a completely amorphous state.…”

“…These activities lead to contamination of air, water resources and soil, with organic and inorganic substances. Care for the environment has resulted in the development of many new technological processes for the treatment of solid, liquid and gaseous waste during industrial production, in order to reduce the emission of pollutants into the environment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”