Vitiligo. Clinical picture and pathogenesis

McBurney, Elizabeth I.

doi:10.1001/archinte.139.11.1295

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…14,15 An early study in fish showed that electrical stimulation of the cutaneous nerves causes blanching and that sectioning of the cutaneous nerves causes pigment darkening. 16 The mechanisms behind these phenomena may primarily point to the role of nerve and neuropeptide regulation. NGF belongs to the neurotrophin (NT) family, which includes brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3, NT-4, and NT-5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor and Neural Endopeptidase in the Lesional Skin of Melasma

Bak

Lee

Chang

et al. 2009

Dermatologic Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor and Neural Endopeptidase in the Lesional Skin of Melasma

Bak

Lee

Chang

et al. 2009

Dermatologic Surgery

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“…However, some investigators have recorded a higher incidence in women [1,3]. On the contrary, a high incidence in men has also been reported [2,4]. It is believed that the generally reported preponderance in females does not represent a real difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown, but various hypotheses have been promulgated. Of these, the most accepted theories include genetic, autoimmune, neurogenic, and the melanocyte self-destruction hypothesis [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitiligo: Epidemiology and Clinical Pattern at King Khalid University Hospital

et al. 1993

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The incidence of vitiligo at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was 2.5% for the period from [1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990]. The majority (96.1%) were Saudis. Approximately 64% were below the age of 30 years and the average age was 25.6 ± SD 13.7 years. Fifty-six percent of the patients were males and 43% were females. More than half of the patients had the lesions for a period between one and nine years and 17.17% had them for more than 15 years. Only 12% had a positive family history of vitiligo. The majority (54%) of the lesions were in exposed areas. The associated diseases with vitiligo are also reported. Vitiligo is a circumscribed, acquired, idiopathic depigmentation of skin and hair which is often familial and characterized microscopically by a total absence of melanocytes [1]. It affects both sexes with women being affected more, and the general incidence worldwide is about 1% [2]. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown, but various hypotheses have been promulgated. Of these, the most accepted theories include genetic, autoimmune, neurogenic, and the melanocyte self-destruction hypothesis [3][4][5][6][7][8].Vitiligo is a social stigma, particularly in individuals with black skin, due to its cosmetic disfigurement. Despite that, no studies have been published on vitiligo in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective study reports on several cases of vitiligo from the dermatology clinic at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with regard to the incidence, clinical presentation, and the problems with management. Material and ManagementThe records of patients who had vitiligo and who were referred to the dermatology clinic from primary care clinics at KKUH over a five year period from December 1985 to December 1990 were reviewed for this study. Information regarding the clinical pattern of the disease, family history of the disease, the associated diseases, and the outcome of treatment were recorded using a SYSTAT program for data analysis and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis when needed. ResultsThe five year incidence of vitiligo at KKUH skin clinic was 2.5%. From a total of 203 patients with vitiligo who were studied, 114 (56.2%) were males and 89 (43.8%) were females. Of the Saudis, 134 (68.7%) were from the Central region (including Riyadh), 28 (14.4%) from the Northern, 22 (11.3%) from the Western, and 11 (5.6%) from the Southern regions. Of the non-Saudis, there were three Egyptians, two Sudanese, two Indians and one Jordanian. The majority (59%) were between the age group 10 to 29 years (Table 1) and the average age for the whole group was 28.7 ± 25.0 years while that for the male patients was 25.6 ± 13.7 years and that for the female patients was 21.9 ± 11.8 years. The age difference between males and females is statistically significant(P >0.01). More than half the patients had the lesions for a period between one and nine years, and 17.7% of the patients had their symptoms for more than 15 years (Table 2).Regarding the distribution o...

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“…Vitiligo is a dermatologic disorder characterized by localized or diffuse depigmented patches on the skin [1,2]. Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease due to the following features: the presence of autoantibodies against melanocytes in patients' sera [3][4][5][6][7], the association of vitiligo with other autoimmune conditions [8][9][10], the presence of organ-specific autoantibodies in the patients' sera [11,12], the detection of autoantibodies in firstdegree relatives of subjects with vitiligo [13], and the association of the disease with HLA-DR4 or HLA-DR1 [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase as an autoantigen in patients with vitiligo

Baharav

Merimski

Shoenfeld

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

118

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SUMMARYVitiligo is considered an autoimmune disorder due to the generation and presence of autoantibodies directed against melanocyte antigens in the patients' sera. In the present study we point towards a newly defined autoantigen in vitiligo, the enzyme tyrosinase, which participates in the process of melanogenesis. Anti-tyrosinase antibodies were detected in the sera of seven patients with diffuse and 11 patients with localized vitiligo. Employing solid-phase ELISA to mushroom tyrosinase, we found that patients with diffuse vitiligo had significantly higher titres of IgG anti-tyrosinase autoantibodies than patients with localized disease or healthy subjects. These anti-tyrosinase autoantibodies have relatively high functional affinity to tyrosinase and can be recovered from vitiligo patients' sera by affinity purification. The anti-tyrosinase antibodies do not cross-react with other enzymes recognized as autoantigens in different autoimmune disorders and the autoantibodies do not block the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase, indicating that they are not reacting with the catalytic site of the enzyme. These data point to tyrosinase as an autoantigen in vitiligo and suggest that anti-tyrosinase titres can serve as a marker for disease activity.

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Vitiligo. Clinical picture and pathogenesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Increased Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor and Neural Endopeptidase in the Lesional Skin of Melasma

Increased Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor and Neural Endopeptidase in the Lesional Skin of Melasma

Vitiligo: Epidemiology and Clinical Pattern at King Khalid University Hospital

Tyrosinase as an autoantigen in patients with vitiligo

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