VitaminD deficiency and hypertension in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients

Abstract

Objective Vitamin D3 deficiency has been defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25-(OH)D3] levels below 30 ng/ml and it is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Laboratory studies indicate that 1,25-(OH)D3 suppresses renin expression and vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, then decreases blood pressure. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the association between 25-(OH)D3 level and the risk of blood pressure, and its relation with T2DM and body mass index (BMI).Method This study was conducted at Al-Hussein Medical City/Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Karbala, Iraq. All samples, 30 apparently healthy subjects as control, N = 30 and 90 patients (equal number of male and female) with T2DM [50 obese with hypertension (G1) and 40 non-obese without hypertension (G2)], were randomly selected from diabetic patients who had attended the diabetic consultation unit from November 2012 to June 2013 with age ranged between 23 and 75 years. Measurement of 25-(OH)D3, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in addition to blood pressure and BMI were calculated in all samples.Results The results showed that serum 25-(OH)D3 was significantly decreased in G1 and G2 groups (16.8 ± 8.8 ng/ml, 19.5 ± 9.7 ng/ml, respectively), compared with control group (36.0 ± 9.4 ng/ml) at P < 0.001, and 68% of female vs. 57% of male underwent this deficiency. Also 25-(OH)D3 had negative correlation with blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and BMI in diabetic patients in G1 at P < 0.0001 and it had positive significant correlation with HDL-C in G1 and G2 groups.Conclusion It can be concluded that T2DM, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels correlates significantly with lower concentration of 25-(OH)D3, which suggested that clinical experiences should be taking into account the protective effect of vitamin D in decrease hypertension, which reflects risk factors in diabetic patients with hypertension that leads to metabolic syndrome and then to cardiovascular diseases.

Impact of Vitamin D Elements and Osteoporosis Factors in Postmenopausal Iraqi Women with T2DM

“…This was agreed with the results of this study which revealed that serum Osteocalcin level in T2DM patients was significantly higher than in control. In this study, there was a significant decrease in serum HDL-C in T2DM patients when compared with non-diabetic healthy control and this is in accordance with the study of Al-Tu'ma et al [51]. Because androgen and estrogen receptors are present in visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes, endogenous sex hormones have altered the lipid profile in postmenopausal women.…”