The importance of the seasonal variation of calcitropic hormones to growing skeleton has not been established. We studied whether there exists a seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone remodelling markers in early puberty girls. One hundred and ninety-six girls, mean age 11·4 (SD 0·4) years, in Tanner stage 2 (early puberty) and 3 (mid-puberty) were studied during September to March. The BMD was measured from the lumbar vertebrae and the left femur by dual-energy X-ray absoptiometry. Their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OHD), serum intact parathyroid hormone (S-iPTH), serum osteocalcin, urinary pyridinoline and urinary deoxypyridinoline were analysed from fasting samples. The concentration of S-25-OHD and serum osteocalcin differed among months (P, 0·01), reflecting a seasonal variation. The parathyroid hormone correlated negatively with S-25-OHD (r 2 0·325, P,0·001). Moreover, the BMD in the femur (P¼0·047) and to a lesser extent in vertebrae (P¼ 0·057) differed between months in early puberty girls but this was not seen in mid-puberty. Seasonal variation in S-25-OHD and bone remodelling markers accompanied by negative correlation between S-25-OHD and S-iPTH was seen in this cross-sectional study of adolescent girls. In addition, the seasonal rhythm contributed 7·0 -7·6 % difference in the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and left femur in early puberty girls. This variation should be avoided since it could hamper peak bone mass attainment.Seasonal variation: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Bone mineral density: Bone remodelling markers: Adolescent girls: Cross-sectional study Seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OHD) and other calcitropic hormones is believed to determine the seasonal variation of bone mass (Krall et al. 1989;Dawson-Hughes & Harris, 1993). In healthy adults, the seasonal variation in bone mass is shown to be around 2 % (Bergstralh et al. 1990) whereas in the elderly it comprises 6 -8 % change (Rapuri et al. 2002;Bhattoa et al. 2004). Furthermore, a prospective communitybased study demonstrated that the rate of bone fractures and falls follow this seasonal periodicity (Pasco et al. 2004). Similar findings have been reported before (e.g. Jacobsen et al. 1991) in retrospective studies. Hence, this problem faces many, but the seasonality of bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence has not been established.Bone growth accelerates at puberty. Any nutrient deficiency during this highly sensitive period could compromise the peak bone mass attainment and increase the risk of osteoporosis later in life (Matkovic et al. 1994). The importance of vitamin D during growth is evident (DeLuca, 1979). Furthermore, vitamin D is thought to limit bone mineral accretion (e.g. Lehtonen-Veromaa et al. 2002), as vitamin D insufficiency is commonly seen among adolescents (Vieth et al. 2001;Gordon et al. 2004;Andersen et al. 2005).Thus, the aim of the present study was to define the existence of seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones, sitespecific BMD and biochemical markers of...