Vitamin D status in autism spectrum disorders and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children

Saad, Khaled; Abdel‐Rahman, Adel B.; Elserogy, Yasser M.; Al-Atram, Abdulrahman A; Cannell, John; Bjørklund, Geir; Abdel-Reheim, Mohamed K.; Othman, H.A.; Elhoufey, Amira; El-Aziz, Nafisa H. R. Abd; El-Baseer, Khaled A. Abd; Ahmed, Ahmed E.; Ali, Ahmed

doi:10.1179/1476830515y.0000000019

Cited by 176 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…Vitamin D levels for normal controls in our study were 70.5 nmol/l which was less than that reported in Meguid (Egypt), Saad (Egypt), Brazil, and Saudi Arabia [33][34][35]37 but greater than faroe islands 38 and turkey 40 .…”

Section: Table 3: Spearman Correlation Between Serum and Dietary Vitacontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…In a recent study conducted from Assiut, Egypt, the mean Vitamin D level were lower (18ng/ml) in 122 autistic children than healthy controls 34 . Mostafa and Al-Ayadhi from Saudi Arabia and Gong et al from China reported Vitamin D plasma levels in children with ASD, 18.5 ng/mL and 19.9 ng/mL, respectively, were similar by showing significantly lower levels than normal controls.…”

Section: Table 3: Spearman Correlation Between Serum and Dietary Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of note that that levels of 25 hydoxy Vitamin D found in autistic children of the present study (18.7 ng/mL=46.5 nmol/l) are similar to the levels found in four other studies from Molloy (USA),china, Saad Egypt and Saudi Arabia. [34][35][36]39 .…”

Section: Table 3: Spearman Correlation Between Serum and Dietary Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:It is well known that main sources of Vitamin D are sun exposure and diet. There is a gap in our knowledge about the contribution of these factors to Vitamin D level among autistic children in Egypt. Aim: To determine Vitamin D dietary intake and sun exposure and their impact on vitamin D level. Methods and procedures: Serum Vitamin D levels were measured in 42 autistic and 40 healthy matched children. Dietary Vitamin D intake and sun exposure hours were collected using an adapted pre-validated food frequency questionnaire. Vitamin D intake was compared with recommended dietary intake (600 IU). Results and outcomes: Autistic children had significantly lower serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D than healthy children (P < 0.001) with 54.7% and 28.6% being Vitamin D deficient and insufficient, respectively. Dietary Vitamin D intake of both groups was significantly lower than recommended dietary intake. No correlations between serum Vitamin D level and dietary Vitamin D intake or Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Conclusion and implications: Vitamin D deficiency was found in autistic children and this may contribute to pathogenesis of the disease. There is a need to increase awareness about Vitamin D importance in children's diet.

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Section: Table 3: Spearman Correlation Between Serum and Dietary Vitacontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Table 3: Spearman Correlation Between Serum and Dietary Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

IJPSR

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“…In fact, adequate administration of vitamin D reduces autistic behaviors in severely deficient children. Likewise, maternal vitamin D deficiency may predispose children to autism (34,(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency and autism; a review on recent findings

Sotodehasl¹,

Tamadon²,

Malek³

2017

J Parathyr Dis

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Autism is a group of lifelong developmental disabilities with various genetic and environmental risk factors which is generally not curable. The proportion of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has risen over the past decade. Few studies have focused on vitamin D status of patients with autism. Therefore, this study was aimed to further investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and autism. In this short review, we discuss the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ASDs. Our literature review yielded over 80 articles published since 2006 in the electronic databases of the Web of Knowledge, EBSCO, OVID and PubMed. As the results showed, no significant difference between children with and without autism regarding vitamin D serum levels was obtained. According to the controversial results on the correlation of vitamin D serum value and autism in children with ASD, it is necessary to conduct further studies in this field.

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“…The increased consensus on the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D and the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the general healthy population have increased the interest in vitamin D among researchers, clinicians, and the lay public. Lack of vitamin D has been involved in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic illnesses including musculoskeletal disorders [1], type 1 diabetes [2], type 2 diabetes [3], male hypogonadism [4], polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [5], cancer [6], autism [7], dementia [8] and cardiovascular diseases [9]. Of particular interest is the possible involvement of vitamin D in the treatment of these diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

New light on an old vitamin: The role of the sunshine vitamin D in chronic disease

Muscogiuri

2017

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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During my residency and training as an endocrinologist, I began to get interested in the study of vitamin D. In the past, vitamin D has been considered to be an essential vitamin for bone health but in recent years something has changed. I can affirm that there was a rediscovery of vitamin D; it is not just the Bbone vitamin^but it has been shown to be a hormone with several nonskeletal actions. [9]. Of particular interest is the possible involvement of vitamin D in the treatment of these diseases. Humans derive vitamin D from cutaneous synthesis (in the form of cholecalciferol (D3)), diet (in the form of D3), and nutritional supplements (in the form of D3) or ergocalciferol (D2) [10]. Upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is converted to pre-vitamin D3, which is immediately converted to vitamin D3 in a heat-dependent process.After ingestion or synthesis, vitamin D is hydroxylated in the liver to form 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D2 or 25(OH)D3, its major circulating form, which has little biological activity. 25(OH)D is converted in the kidney by 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), to its bioactive hormonal metabolite 1, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol). The primary action of 1,25(OH)2D is through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor and binds to vitamin D-responsive elements near target genes [10,11]. The primary action of 1,25(OH)2D is to enhance intestinal calcium absorption and to promote osteoclast function, thereby keeping calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone health. However, the discovery that nearly all tissues in the body express the VDR and that several tissues also express CYP27B1, thereby allowing for local production of 1,25(OH)2D with a paracrine effect, has provided important insights into the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D and its potential role in a variety of extra-skeletal tissues [11]. There is no consensus on the 25(OH)D thresholds for defining vitamin D adequacy in order to prevent and/or treat chronic diseases. The only recommendations are related to skeletal outcomes. The guidelines by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Endocrine Society differ on classification of vitamin D status [12,13]. These differences are explained by the populations targeted by the guidelines and how the evidence was synthesized. Specifically, the IOM guidelines concentrated on the general healthy population and considered only trials, concluding that blood concentrations of 25(OH)D > 20 ng/ml are consistent with favorable skeletal outcomes. In contrast, the Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelines concentrated on people at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and considered both trials and observational (epidemiologic) studies in concluding that blood concentrations of 25(OH)D > 30 ng/ ml are desirable for optimal skeletal outcomes without any upper limit that would be concerning for safety. Based on this evidence, this guest issue was created with the aim to gather a selected intern...

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Vitamin D status in autism spectrum disorders and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children

Abstract: UMIN-CTR Study Design: trial Number: R000016846.

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

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Vitamin D deficiency and autism; a review on recent findings

New light on an old vitamin: The role of the sunshine vitamin D in chronic disease

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