Vitamin D Status: Can It Affect the Risk of Infection and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?

Paiz, Nicole; Alonso, Paula García; Portillo, Ana L.

doi:10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…It played an essential role in macrophage differentiation and modulated the host response against inflammation [ 23 ]. Vitamin D levels can influence the development and severity of acute respiratory infections, such as influenza and acute pneumonia [ 24 , 25 ]. Results from a meta-analysis involving 46 randomized controlled trials showed that vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a protective effect against acute respiratory tract infections [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D is inversely associated with Monocyte to HDL-C ratio among medical staff in Chengdu, China

et al. 2023

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Purpose The primary objective of this study was to explore the association of vitamin D with the monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR) among medical staff in Chengdu, China. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study involved 538 medical staff, including 393 females and 145 males, and included data on gender, age, body mass index, and laboratory parameters (including complete blood count, vitamin D levels, lipid, etc.). According to serum 25 (OH)D < 20 ng/ml as vitamin D deficiency, subjects were divided into two groups based on serum 25 (OH)D levels: a vitamin D deficiency group with serum 25 (OH)D < 20 ng/ml and a vitamin D sufficiency group with serum 25 (OH)D ≥ 20 ng/ml. When considering vitamin D as a categorical variable, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. On the other hand, when examining the factors influencing vitamin D levels as a continuous variable, a multiple linear regression model was utilized. Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 86.25% among all the participants. Males exhibited a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to females (β=0.383, P = 0.026). Vitamin D deficiency risk decreased with age (β = 0.910, P < 0.001). Additionally, elevated values of MHR were associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency (β = 1.530, P = 0.019). When treating vitamin D as a continuous variable, the results of multiple linear regression revealed that age (β = 0.342, P < 0.001), and TG (β=-1.327, P = 0.010) were independent influencing factors for vitamin D levels, indicating that vitamin D levels increase with age. A reverse association between MHR and vitamin D levels demonstrated a marginal trend toward significance (β=-0.581, P = 0.052). Conclusions Vitamin D is inversely associated with MHR among young medical staff in Chengdu, China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D is inversely associated with Monocyte to HDL-C ratio among medical staff in Chengdu, China

et al. 2023

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“…Ricci et al 26 reported that 80% of their COVID-19 patients had vitamin D deficiency and 6.5% had vitamin D insufficiency. Paiz et al 27 reported that vitamin D has recently become more prominent in studies due to its possible effect on the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, Ilie et al 22 found that the oldest portion of the population, which is the most susceptible to COVID-19 infection, is also the group with the lowest vitamin D levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of vitamin D deficiency with clinical presentation of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory virus, the spread of which has caused a global pandemic with catastrophic consequences. The current study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the clinical presentation of COVID-19. Patients and methods The current study included 166 COVID-19 patients recruited from Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from October 2020 to January 2021. Patients were diagnosed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. History and clinical data were collected for all subjects. In addition, laboratory analysis was done to estimate blood levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), D-dimer, calcium, and relative lymphocytic count. COVID-19 patients were divided into three subgroups according to their vitamin D status. Patients were considered sufficient when their vitamin D level was above 30 ng/mL. Patients with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL were considered deficient. Patients with vitamin D levels ranging from 20 ng/mL to 30 ng/mL were considered insufficient. Results Our results showed that 81 patients (49%) were deficient in vitamin D, and 48 patients (29%) were insufficient in vitamin D. Only 37 patients (22%) had normal vitamin D levels. Moreover, a significant difference was found regarding the inflammatory markers of COVID-19 severity. Also, vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with the markers used for monitoring the condition of COVID-19 patients: ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer. Conclusion Our results showed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers of COVID-19 infection.

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“…Accordingly, there is solid evidence that Vit D supplementation can reduce the rate of infection. For example, it has been shown that Vit D status can impact the development and severity of acute respiratory tract infections, such as influenza and pneumonia [ 208 , 209 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Overall Risk Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies

et al. 2022

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Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple beneficial effects in humans, including neuronal, immune, and bone homeostasis and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies correlate vitamin D with cancer cell growth and survival, but meta-analyses on this topic are often not consistent. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database and the Clinical Trial Register was performed to identify all potentially relevant English-language scientific papers containing original research articles on the effects of vitamin D on human health. Results: In this review, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D against acute and chronic diseases, focusing particularly on cancer, immune-related diseases, cardiomyophaties (including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis) and infectious diseases. Conclusions: Vitamin D significantly reduces the pro-oxidant systemic and tissue biomarkers involved in the development, progression, and recurrence of chronic cardiometabolic disease and cancer. The overall picture of this review provides the basis for new randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with cancer and infectious, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases aimed at reducing risk factors for disease recurrence and improving quality of life.

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Vitamin D Status: Can It Affect the Risk of Infection and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Vitamin D is inversely associated with Monocyte to HDL-C ratio among medical staff in Chengdu, China

Vitamin D is inversely associated with Monocyte to HDL-C ratio among medical staff in Chengdu, China

Association of vitamin D deficiency with clinical presentation of COVID-19

The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies

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